Table 5 Relative risk of malaria according to ecologic risk factors, 2001–2004, household-level analysis.

House Construction

   Metal Roof

1.57 (1.03, 2.40)*

1.43 (1.09, 1.90)*

1.44 (1.05, 1.96)*

1.28 (0.88, 1.84)

   Permanent Walls

2.35 (1.21, 6.17)

1.37 (0.82, 2.26)

0.57 (0.21, 1.52)

2.03 (1.00, 4.11)

Population Density (per 250 people/km² increase)

0.84 (0.79, 0.90)*

0.75 (0.72, 0.80)*

0.73 (0.63, 0.84)*

0.91 (0.76, 1.06)

Distance to Road (per 100 m increase)

1.06 (0.90, 1.25)

0.97 (0.87, 1.09)

0.96 (0.70, 1.32)

0.94 (0.81, 1.10)

Distance to Swamp (per 100 m increase)

0.93 (0.89, 0.97)***

0.93 (0.90, 0.96)***

0.93 (0.90, 0.96)***

0.95 (0.91, 0.98)**

Dist. to Forest (per 100 m increase)

0.98 (0.94, 1.02)

0.96 (0.92, 0.98)*

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

0.99 (0.96, 1.02)

Dist. to Rivers (per 100 m increase)

1.09 (0.91, 1.28)

1.13 (1.03, 1.26)*

1.20 (1.08, 1.34)**

1.08 (0.94, 1.24)

Dis. to Hlth. Center (per 100 m increase)

1.03 (1.00, 1.05)***

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)***

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)*

Dist. to Boreholes (per 100 m increase)

0.97 (0.92, 1.02)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

0.99 (0.96, 1.03)

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

Altitude (per 50 m increase)

0.54 (0.39, 0.74)***

0.58 (0.47, 0.70)***

0.58 (0.47, 0.73)***

0.60 (0.46, 0.77)***