Antimalarial drug use in general populations of tropical Africa

Gardella, Florence; Assi, Serge; Simon, Fabrice; Bogreau, Hervé; Eggelte, Teunis; Ba, Fatou; Foumane, Vincent; Henry, Marie-Claire; Kientega, Pélagie Traore; Basco, Léonardo; Trape, Jean-François; Lalou, Richard; Martelloni, Maryse; Desbordes, Marc; Baragatti, Meïli; Briolant, Sébastien; Almeras, Lionel; Pradines, Bruno; Fusai, Thierry; Rogier, Christophe

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-124

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Chloroquine prevalence in urines of children between two and nine years of age according to site's characteristics.

From: Antimalarial drug use in general populations of tropical Africa

Site's characteristics		N*	CQ+†	Prevalence of CQ‡ %	crudeOR	95%CI		p
Country	Senegal	1023	223	22	1.00
	Burkina Faso	1007	478	47	3.69	1.49	9.16	0.005
	Cameroon	1022	561	55	5.54	2.23	13.72	0.000
Region	North	1547	811	52	1.00
	South	1505	451	30	0.31	0.15	0.66	0.002
Type of area	rural	2443	900	37	1.00
	urban	609	362	59	2.93	1.01	8.46	0.047
Prop. ‡ living in an other locality one year before the study	< 5%	1424	471	33	1.00
	>= 5%	1628	791	49	2.29	0.97	5.40	0.058
Prop. ‡ living in an other site for more than 1 month during the preceding year	< 15%	1920	685	36	1.00
	>= 15%	1132	577	51	2.24	0.92	5.45	0.077
Proportion of visitors among individuals present in the households the night before	< 2%	1918	635	33	1.00
	>= 2%	1134	627	55	3.02	1.29	7.07	0.011
Prop. ‡ had a not damaged bed-net	< 30%	1826	868	48	1.00
	>= 30%	1226	394	32	0.48	0.20	1.15	0.100
Prop. ‡ had access to stockpiles of antimalarial drugs at home	< 20%	1955	605	31	1.00
	>= 20%	1097	657	60	4.05	1.86	8.81	0.000
Average number of individuals by household	< 7	834	501	60	1.00
	7–9	1293	504	39	0.35	0.13	0.93	0.035
	>= 10	925	257	28	0.21	0.07	0.61	0.004
Socioeconomic level score in 2 classes	<6	2540	914	36	1.00
	>= 6	512	349	68	4.73	1.74	12.87	0.002
Length of the travel to join the nearest sanitary structure	< 1 km	404	304	75	1.00
	1–9.9 km	1034	425	41	0.20	0.06	0.67	0.010
	>= 10 km	1614	533	33	0.13	0.04	0.42	0.001
Length of the travel to join the pharmacy the most used	< 5 km	504	340	67	1.00
	5–9.9 km	1034	425	41	0.29	0.09	0.95	0.041
	>= 10 km	1514	497	33	0.19	0.06	0.57	0.003
Duration of the route to join the nearest tarmacked road	< 1 hour	1336	640	48	1.00
	>= 1 hour	1716	622	36	0.56	0.23	1.37	0.206
Prevalence rate of the anti-CSP antibodies among children between two and nine years of age	< 20%	635	245	39	1.00
	20–39.9%	1227	746	61	2.81	1.13	6.97	0.026
	>= 40%	1190	271	23	0.44	0.17	1.12	0.088
Prevalence rate of P. falciparum trophozoites among children between two and nine years of age	< 25%	428	126	29	1.00
	25–49%	526	351	67	6.62	1.67	26.23	0.007
	50–74%	989	407	41	1.76	0.52	5.92	0.359
	>= 75%	1109	378	34	1.27	0.38	4.21	0.693

*N number of samples of urine, † CQ+ = number of samples with chloroquine in urines, ‡ Prop.: proportion of inhabitants of the site who
Logistic regression model with random effect taking into account the interdependency of observations made within the same site.

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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