Table 5 Risk factors for a male-biased gametocyte sex ratio at presentation in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, showing the crude odd ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Variables | Total Number | No with gsr ≥ 0.5 | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
male | 37 | 2 | 1 | |
female | 29 | 3 | 2 (0.4 – 9.8) | 0.45 |
Age | ||||
< 5 years | 29 | 1 | 1 | |
> 5 years | 37 | 4 | 3.4 (0.36 – 32) | 0.26 |
Duration of illness | ||||
≤ 3 days | 54 | 5 | 1 | |
≥ 3 days | 12 | 0 | 0.9 (0.8 – 1) | 0.16 |
Fever* | ||||
afebrile | 29 | 5 | 1 | |
febrile | 36 | 0 | 0.8 (0.7 – 1) | 0.01 |
Packed cell volume | ||||
≤ 25% | 11 | 3 | 1 | |
≥ 25% | 43 | 2 | 0.1 (0.02 – 0.9) | 0.02 |
Parasitaemia | ||||
≤ 20,000 μl/l | 33 | 0 | 1 | |
> 20,000 μl/l | 33 | 5 | 1.2 (1 – 1.4) | 0.02 |
Gametocytaemia | ||||
< 18 μl/l | 38 | 5 | 1 | |
≥ 18 μl/l | 28 | 0 | 0.8 (0.7 – 1) | 0.04 |
Year | ||||
Pre 2006 | 50 | 1 | 1 | |
2006 onwards | 16 | 4 | 16 (1.7 – 159.7) | 0.002 |