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Table 5 Univariate analysis-presence of gametocytes after enrolment up to day 14

From: Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte dynamics in areas of different malaria endemicity

 

% (N) with gametocytes

OR [95%]

P-value

 

All

(N = 6793)

Thailand

(N = 5069)

The Gambia

(N = 1110)

Tanzania

(N = 614)

Total 1

15 (998)

7 (342)

36 (400)

42 (256)

 

< 0.0012

   

Age (years) 3

    

   0–5

28 (530)

13 (118)

40 (249)

41(163)

   5–15

16 (432)

10 (202)

33 (159)

56 (62)

   > 15

13 (293)

12 (251)

75 (3)

40 (39)

 

0.985 [0.979–0.992]

0.987 [0.979–0.995]

0.963 [0.918–1.011]

0.978 [0.963–0.993]

 

< 0.001

0.001

0.131

0.005

Symptoms

    

   Yes

14 (546)

10 (364)

No Data

51 (182)

   No

25 (42)

9 (10)

 

57 (32)

 

0.936 [0.586–1.486]

1.147 [0.580–2.268]

 

0.0.784 [0.444–1.387]

 

0.784

0.694

 

0.403

History of illness

    

   > = 3 days

30 (193)

25 (129)

No Data

48 (64)

   < 3 days

12 (408)

8 (234)

 

57 (174)

 

2.030 [1.658–2.484]5

3.400 [2.640–4.380]

 

0.683 [0.453–1.029]

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

0.067

Sex

    

   Male

18 (446)

10 (203)

39 (136)

57 (107)

   Female

19 (421)

10 (172)

37 (117)

52 (132)

 

1.071 [0.910–1.261]

1.041 [0.836–1.295]

1.052 [0.766–1.445]

1.201 [0.821–1.758]

 

0.406

0.722

0.754

0.345

Severe Anaemia

    

   Yes

33 (18)

29 (7)

37 (11)

No Data

   No

17 (636)

10 (287)

34 (341)

 
 

1.536 [0.858–2.747]5

2.433 [0.989–5.986]5

1.302 [0.586–2.893]

 
 

0.145

0.045

0.515

 

Anaemia

    

   Yes

32 (294)

26 (136)

38 (157)

No Data

   No

12 (360)

7 (158)

32 (195)

 
 

2.308 [1.920–2.775]5

4.135 [3.156–5.418]

1.402 [1.069–1.840]

 
 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.014

 

Haematocrit 3

0.917 [0.903–0.932]5

0.872 [0.853–0.891]

0.974 [0.950–0.998]

No Data

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.037

 

Palpable liver

    

   Yes

21 (156)

17 (100)

40 (56)

No Data

   No

13 (449)

9 (256)

37 (193)

 
 

1.725 [1.378–2.162]

1.965 [1.513–2.551]

1.216 [0.772–1.918]

 
 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.398

 

Palpable spleen

    

   Yes

22 (253)

17 (143)

40 (110)

No Data

   No

11 (355)

8 (212)

36 (143)

 
 

1.708 [1.412–2.065]5

2.227 [1.756–2.826]5

1.067 [0.768–1.483]

 
 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.698

 

Temperature

    

   > = 37 C

14 (385)

9 (213)

40 (172)

No Data

   < 37.5 C

15 (242)

11 (161)

33 (81)

 
 

0.947 [0.785–1.141]

0.831 [0.664–1.040]

1.273 [0.904–1.794]

 
 

0.564

0.106

0.165

 

Parasitaemia 3,4 (/μL)

    

   ≤ 1,600

13 (187)

9(110)

25 (16)

46 (61)

   1,600–4,000

20 (205)

10(76)

30 (28)

57 (101)

   4,000 – 20,000

18 (355)

12(185)

34 (100)

55 (70)

   > 20,000

21 (502)

13 (200)

41 (267)

20 (35)

 

1.120 [1.013–1.238]

1.053 [0.936–1.184]

1.335 [1.907–1.625]

1.182 [0.960–1.458]

 

0.027

0.394

0.004

0.115

Mixed infection

    

   Yes

 

4 (22)

  

   No

No Data

12 (549)

No Data

No Data

  

0.366 [0.236–0.567]5

  
  

< 0.001

  

Treatment 6

    

   A

10 (413)

8 (287)

16 (106)

10 (11)

   C-F

26 (516)

18 (276)

27 (13)

49 (227)

 

3.073 [2.384–3.962]

3.063 [2.330–4.026]

3.259 [1.028–10.387]

4.751 [1.530–14.754]

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.033

0.003

   G-H

70 (301)

No Data

71 (283)

62 (18)7

 

11.744 [8.019–17.199]

 

11.936 [8.136–17.510]

 
 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 
  1. 1 Percentages are calculated from patients with both non-missing counts on day 7 and day 14 (out of 4840, 1099 and 603 patients, respectively)
  2. 2 p-value from chi-square test
  3. 3 OR and test for the continuous representation
  4. 4 The Gambia, Thailand: OR calculated for log10 parasitaemia; Tanzania, All : OR for ordered categories, p-value is for test for trend.
  5. 5 p-value for homogeneity < 0.05
  6. 6 treatments groups are defined as: A: artemisisnin combination alone or with other treatments; C-F: other monotherapies (see Table 1); G-H: SP alone or SP with chloroquine. OR are calculated with reference to group A.
  7. 7 G-H/A at separate sites
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