Table 2 Prevalence and associated case fatality rates of different signs on admission in malaria patients
From: Malaria in rural Mozambique. Part II: children admitted to hospital
Prevalence among total malaria patients | CFR in total malaria patients | Prevalence among severe malaria patients | CFR in severe malaria patients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n/N) | 95% CI | % (n/N) | 95% CI | % (n/N) | 95% CI | % (n/N) | 95% CI | |
Commonly used criteria for severe malaria | ||||||||
Severe Anaemia (PCV < 15%) | 4.6% (187/4027) | 4.0–5.3 | 5.7% (9/159) | 2.6–10.5 | 17.3% (187/1082) | 15.1–19.7 | 5.7% (9/159) | 2.6–10.5 |
Deep Coma (BCS ≤ 2) | 0.6% (24/4078) | 0.4–0.9 | 18.2% (4/22) | 5.2–40.3 | 2.2% (24/1099) | 1.4–3.2 | 18.2% (4/22) | 5.2–40.3 |
Repeated (≥2/24 h) convulsions | 2.4% (98/4076) | 2.0–2.9 | 4.4% (4/91) | 1.2–10.9 | 8.9% (98/1099) | 7.3–10.8 | 4.4% (4/91) | 1.2–10.9 |
Hypoglycaemia (<2.2 mmol/L) | 1.0% (40/3904) | 0.7–1.4 | 16.2% (6/37) | 6.2–32.0 | 3.7% (39/1046) | 2.7–5.1 | 16.2% (6/37) | 6.2–32.0 |
Prostration | 14.9% (607/4080) | 13.8–16.0 | 5.1% (29/564) | 3.5–7.3 | 55.0% (605/1100) | 52.0–58.0 | 5.2% (29/563) | 3.5–7.3 |
Respiratory distress | 11.1% (454/4076) | 10.2–12.1 | 6.1% (25/407) | 4.0–8.9 | 41.1% (452/1100) | 38.2–44.1 | 6.2% (25/405) | 4.0–9.0 |
Other Signs | ||||||||
Impaired consciousness (BCS < 5) | 2.1% (86/4078) | 1.7–2.6 | 10.0% (8/80) | 4.4–18.8 | 6.5% (71/1099) | 5.1–8.1 | 12.3% (8/65) | 5.5–22.8 |
Jaundice | 1.2% (47/4076) | 0.8–1.5 | 0% (0/43) | - | 1.9% (21/1100) | 1.2–2.9 | 0% (0/20) | - |
Transfusion recipients | 14.4% (586/4065) | 13.3–15.5 | 2.8% (16/568) | 1.6–4.5 | 29.1% (320/1099) | 26.4–31.9 | 4.5% (14/310) | 2.5–7.5 |
Dehydration (mod./sev.) | 3.4% (139/4076) | 2.9–4.0 | 6.2% (8/129) | 2.7–11.9 | 5.8% (64/1100) | 4.5–7.4 | 10.3% (6/58) | 3.9–21.2 |
Number of severity criteria* | ||||||||
Only one | 78.4% (808/1031) | 75.7–80.8 | 3.0% (23/762) | 1.9–4.5 | ||||
Two | 16.6% (171/1031) | 14.4–19.0 | 8.3% (12/145) | 4.3–14.0 | ||||
Three | 4.2% (43/1031) | 3.0–5.6 | 13.2% (5/38) | 4.4–28.1 | ||||
Four or more | 0.9% (9/1031) | 0.4–1.7 | 42.9% (3/7) | 9.9–81.6 | ||||
Parasitaemia on admission (parasites/μL) | ||||||||
1 to 4,999 | 20.8% (848/4080) | 19.5–22.1 | 2.2% (17/788) | 1.3–3.4 | 25.7% (283/1100) | 23.2–28.4 | 4.2% (11/259) | 2.1–7.5 |
5,000 to 19,999 | 17.5% (713/4080) | 16.3–18.7 | 2.0% (13/666) | 1.0–3.3 | 17.7% (195/1100) | 15.5–20.1 | 6.2% (11/177) | 3.1–10.8 |
20,000 to 99,999 | 43.7% (1783/4080) | 42.2–45.2 | 1.3% (22/1695) | 0.8–2.0 | 40.3% (443/1100) | 37.4–43.2 | 3.9% (16/411) | 2.2–6.2 |
≥ 100,000 | 18.0% (736/4080) | 16.9–19.3 | 1.4% (10/710) | 0.7–2.6 | 16.3% (179/1100) | 14.1–18.6 | 4.1% (7/169) | 1.7–8.3 |