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Table 4 Association between infecting pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr and pfdhps genotypes and treatment failure with amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine

From: The usefulness of twenty-four molecular markers in predicting treatment outcome with combination therapy of amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine against falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea

CQ-relevant markers

SP-relevant markers

    

pfcrt

pfmdr1 *

pfdhfr

pfdhps

    

K76T

N326D

I356L

A220S

N86Y

S108N

C59R

A437G

K540E

P (%)

OR

95% CI

p (χ2)

         

1.2

§

  
     

X

   

0.6

§

  
     

X

X

  

1.7

§

  

X

        

0.6

§

  

X

    

X

X

  

0.6

§

  

X

X

X

  

X

X

  

0.6

§

  

X

X

X

X

     

0.6

§

  

X

X

X

X

 

X

   

0.6

§

  

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

  

7.0

0.28

0.03–2.24

0.16

    

X

    

0.6

§

  
    

X

X

   

1.2

§

  
    

X

X

X

  

3.5

1.67

0.29–9.48

0.57

X

   

X

X

X

  

0.6

§

  

X

X

X

 

X

    

0.6

§

  

X

X

X

 

X

X

   

1.2

§

  

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

  

11.7

1.10

0.38–3.25

0.86

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

 

3.5

3.46

0.67–17.86

0.15

X

X

X

X

X

    

3.5

7.17

1.26–40.71

0.02

X

X

X

X

X

   

X

1.2

§

  

X

X

X

X

X

X

   

6.4

§

  

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

  

42.7

1.00

0.48–2.03

0.98

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

9.3

3.84

1.34–11.03

<0.01

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

0.6

§

  
  1. * due to very low mutation rates, genotypes with mutated gene loci Y184F and N1042D in pfmdr1 were grouped together with the wild-type pfmdr1 genotypes; AQ, amodiaquine; SP, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; pfcrt, Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter; pfmdr1, Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1; pfdhfr, Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase; pfdhps, Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase; P, prevalence; OR, odds ratio; X, mutated allele; § the genotype was not detected in samples from treatment failure cases