Table 2 Frequency of selected exposures among cases and controls, Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India, 2007–8
Exposure variables | Cases (n = 51) | Controls (n = 153) | MOR | 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | ||||
Socio-demographic characteristics | Living below poverty level | 49 | 92 | 147 | 97 | 0.83 | 0.31–2.4 |
Being illiterate*, | 43 | 84 | 132 | 86 | 0.82 | 0.32–2.3 | |
Being in a daily worker family | 24 | 47 | 59 | 39 | 1.7 | 0.84–4.3 | |
Treatment | Complications on admission | 36 | 90 | 77 | 52 | 5.7 | 2.5–13 |
Treated at private facility | 25 | 49 | 11 | 7 | 17 | 5.1–56 | |
Treatment started >48 hours | 11 | 22 | 15 | 10 | 19 | 2.1–170 | |
Treated with chloroquine | 44 | 86 | 73 | 48 | 6.4 | 2.6–15 | |
Treated in primary care | 45 | 78 | 142 | 54 | 0.56 | 0.19–1.67 | |
Prevention in the last 12 months | Household not sprayed with DDT | 26 | 51 | 42 | 27 | 2.6 | 1.3–5.3 |
No bed net | 40 | 78 | 63 | 41 | 5.8 | 2.4–14 | |
No house visit by health workers | 21 | 41 | 25 | 16 | 8.6 | 2.3–32 | |
Knowledge | Mosquito bite can cause malaria | 1 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 0.22 | 0.03–1.4 |
Malaria is curable | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1.1 | 0.22–6.1 | |
Malaria causes anaemia | 29 | 57 | 91 | 59 | 0.94 | 0.42–2.4 | |
Fever may kill if not treated early | 49 | 96 | 139 | 91 | 0.53 | 0.14–2.3 | |
Blood test necessary when fever | 2 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 0.83 | 0.31–2.4 | |
Malaria affects children | 3 | 6 | 27 | 18 | 0.82 | 0.32–2.3 | |
Malaria affects pregnant women | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1.7 | 0.84–4.3 | |
ITN prevent malaria | 5 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 5.7 | 2.5–13 | |