Table 1 Factors associated with Plasmodium infection in children below 5 years old in Equatorial Guinea for rural and urban populations
RURAL | URBAN | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasmodium infection* | Plasmodium infection* | |||||||||||
Factor | N (%)† | n (%) | se | Unadj. P | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adj. P | N (%)† | n (%) | se | Unadj. P | Adjusted Odds ratio (95% Cl)‡ | Adj. P |
Child age | ||||||||||||
0-5 months | 37(11,4) | 11(22.4) | 8.5 | Reference | 28 (11.4) | 8(25.9) | 11.0 | Reference | ||||
6-11 months | 53(16.8) | 26 (49.1) | 8.6 | 2.54 (0.75,8.67) | 41 (17.5) | 11 (42.4) | 17.5 | 6.42(1.08, 38.06) | ||||
12-23 months | 74 (25,6) | 44 (59.9) | 6.4 | 3.81(1.30,11.17) | 58(23.5) | 18(30) | 6.0 | 3.50(0.82,14.87) | ||||
24-59 months | 144 (46,2) | 99 (70.5) | 5.8 | 7.82(3.42,17.92) | 113(47.6) | 60 (55.7) | 6.3 | 13.94(3.10,62.62) | ||||
p for trend§ | 0.0008 | <.0001 | 0.07 | 0.004 | ||||||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
female | 147 (43.9) | 85 (60.3) | 7.1 | Reference | 118(47.9) | 43 (45.8) | 7.8 | Reference | ||||
male | 163 (56.1) | 96 (57.6) | 4.8 | 0.70 | 0.85(0.48,1.51) | 0.28 | 124(52.0) | 54(41.7) | 6.4 | 0.60 | 1.49(0.75,2.97) | 0.25 |
Distance to closest health facility in km | ||||||||||||
less than 0.5 kms | 184 (55.6) | 102 (51.8) | 6.7 | Reference | 149 (58.8) | 57 (44.3) | 9.1 | ... | ||||
between 0.5 and 10 kms | 91 (27.5) | 50 (58.1) | 7.1 | 1.19(0.47,2.89) | 93(41.2) | 40 (42.7) | 7.2 | 0.86 | ... | |||
10 kms or more | 35(16.9) | 29 (82.7) | 4.4 | 2.86(1.35, 6.03) | ... | |||||||
p for trend§ | 0.005 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
% of households with access to protected water in the community | ||||||||||||
less than 30% | 120 (42.1) | 72 (66.2) | 7.1 | Reference | 34(18.7) | 19(53.7) | 9 | ... | ||||
between 30 and 60% | 117 (38.3) | 79 (64.3) | 6.5 | 1.24(0.52,2.98) | 30(10.2) | 17(67.1) | 15.4 | ... | ||||
more than 60% | 73(19.6) | 30 (31.7) | 7.6 | 0.29(0.11,0.77) | 178(71.1) | 61 (37.9) | 7.5 | 0.63 | ... | |||
p for trend§ | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
Episode of cough in the 15 days prior to the survey | ||||||||||||
No | 114 (37.6) | 75 (68.0) | 6.8 | Reference | 111 (45.5) | 43 (40.8) | 7,4 | ... | ||||
Yes | 193 (62.4) | 105 (53.1) | 5.4 | 0.07 | 0.43(0.20,0,97) | 0.04 | 125(54.5) | 52 (46.8) | 7,6 | 0.49 | ... | |
Stunting | ||||||||||||
No | 183 (58.3) | 103 (55.9) | 5.6 | ... | 170(71.5) | 61 (38.9) | 6.9 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 118 (41.7) | 73 (62.3) | 6.6 | 0.40 | ... | 57(28.5) | 32 (53.6) | 8.0 | 0.06 | 3.07(1.40,6.73) | 0.005 | |
Colostrum | ||||||||||||
No | 60(19.9) | 38 (67.7) | 7.3 | ... | 45(19.0) | 26 (65.8) | 8.3 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 235 (80.1) | 135 (56.4) | 5.7 | 0.18 | ... | 170(81.0) | 62 (39.8) | 7.0 | 0.004 | 0.24(0.08,0.71) | 0.01 | |
Mother took antimalaric drugs during pregnancy | ||||||||||||
No | 126 (41.5) | 74 (61.4) | 4.6 | ... | 84 (38.5) | 40(53.1) | 9.2 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 184 (58.5) | 107 (56.9) | 6.2 | 0.39 | ... | 157(61.5) | 57 (37.5) | 5.5 | 0.06 | 0.25 (0.098, 0.62) | 0.003 | |
Someone in the house sleeps with bednet | ||||||||||||
No | 189 (59.5) | 107 (59.7) | 5.5 | ... | 87 (35.2) | 33 (36.7) | 6.4 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 127 (40.5) | 74 (57.8) | 5.5 | 0.74 | ... | 153(64.8) | 64 (47.7) | 7.1 | 0.14 | 3.05(1.52,6.14) | 0.002 | |
Socio-economic level | ||||||||||||
low | 101 (39.1) | 59 (62.4) | 6.5 | ... | 81 (38.5) | 38 (53.8) | 8.3 | Reference | ||||
medium | 109 (33.6) | 63 (57.3) | 6.5 | ... | 79(31.7) | 39(51.8) | 8.1 | 0.97(0.29,3.25) | ||||
high | 100 (27.3) | 59 (55.4) | 7.8 | ... | 82 (29.8) | 20(21.6) | 5.4 | 0.04 | 0.15(0.05,0.50) | |||
p for trend§ | 0.91 | 0.0002 | ||||||||||
Overall¶ | 308 (100) | 240(100) | ||||||||||