Figure 3

Relative female fever mortality in all Punjab's 26 districts for the epidemic year 1917 showing the effect of prior exposure on PAM induced morbidity during epidemic outbreaks. For malaria exposure of the districts prior to 1917, the average annual Epidemic Figures (EF) between 1902 and 1916 for each district were used. One outlier (red diamond) was excluded from the polynomial regression (blue line). Spearman rank coefficient r = -0.645, R² = 0.4595, P < 0.0005 (with outlier: r = -0.519, R² = 0.3725, P < 0.007).