Table 1 Results of the bivariate negative binomial regression models for P. falciparum parasitaemia among 3,962 schoolchildren from 55 rural schools of western Côte d'Ivoire.

School registry

Age

   6-10 years

1.00

   11-16 years

0.70

0.60, 0.83

<0.001

Questionnaire addressed to schoolchildren

Socioeconomic status

   Most poor

1.00

   Very poor

1.02

0.79, 1.32

   Poor

0.93

0.72, 1.20

   Less poor

1.34

1.04, 1.73

   Least poor

1.34

1.04, 1.73

0.005

Sleeping under a bed net

0.75

0.58, 0.98

0.040

Bed net coverage

   <25%

1.00

   ≥ 25%

0.38

0.28, 0.53

<0.001

Living in the same village as school

0.86

0.70, 1.06

0.162

Health district registry

Distance to health care facility

1.00

0.93, 1.08

0.916

Questionnaire addressed to school directors

Presence of swamps for rice cultivation

0.85

0.72, 1.01

0.124

Distance to irrigated field

   <500 m

1.00

   500-999 m

0.55

0.32, 0.96

   ≥ 1000 m

0.86

0.59, 1.22

0.117

Presence of pasture

0.77

0.62, 0.96

0.022

Satellite images

NDVI

   Mean I^§

1.03

0.94, 1.12

0.532 (46,255)

   Mean II^¶

1.06

0.97, 1.15

0.177 (46,253)

   Mean III^||

0.95

0.88, 1.03

0.205 (46,254)

   Annual mean

1.00

0.92, 1.08

0.950 (46,255)

   Mean of the transmission season

1.14

1.05, 1.23

0.001 (46,245)

Annual mean NDVI (categorized)

   <0.65

1.00

   0.65-0.70

1.66

1.30, 2.12

   >0.70

1.31

1.05, 1.64

<0.001 (46,240)

RFE

   Mean I^d

1.06

0.98, 1.15

0.122 (46,253)

   Mean II^e

1.01

0.94, 1.09

0.742 (46,255)

   Mean III^f

1.11

1.02, 1.20

0.015 (46,249)

   Sum of annual rainfall

1.17

1.08, 1.26

<0.001 (46,238)

Mean of the transmission season^g

1.22

1.13, 1.32

<0.001 (46,230)

Maximum LST

1.09

1.00, 1.18

0.048

Digitized ground maps

Distance to rivers

0.85

0.78, 0.92

<0.001 (46,241)

Distance to rivers (categorized)

   <500 m

1.00

   500-999 m

0.98

0.80, 1.21

   ≥ 1000 m

0.62

0.51, 0.76

< 0.001 (46,236)