Figure 4

Cytokine levels in sera. Cytokine levels in sera at day 4, 11 post-infection and in moribund animals with CM (pg/ml). (A: Interferon-gamma, B: Interleukin-2, C: Interleukin-4, D: Interleukin-5, E: Tumor-necrosis factor-alpha). On day 4 post-infection GA treated animals showed a significantly lower level of IFN-gamma than vehicle treated animals (A; *, p < 0.05). IFN-gamma levels on day 4 were significantly higher than the levels in moribund animals or in animals on day 11 post-infection (A; p < 0.001). TNF-alpha levels on day 4 and in moribund animals were significantly lower than on day 11 post-infection (E; p < 0.001). IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 levels on day 4 were significantly lower than the levels in moribund animals or in animals on day 11 post-infection (B-D; p < 0.001). IL-5 levels in moribund animals were significantly lower than in animals on day 11 post-infection (D; p < 0.001). Mean values and SEM are shown.