Absence of knockdown resistance suggests metabolic resistance in the main malaria vectors of the Mekong region

Malaria Journal

Table 5 Overview of the possible metabolic resistance mechanisms in relation to the mortality categories in the WHO bioassay as published in [5].

Species	Study site and year	BIOASSAYS (mortality categories)¹				BIOCHEMICAL ASSAYS²
		DDT 4%	permethrin 0.75%	Alpha-cypermethrin 0.082%	Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%	esterases	Mono-oxygenases	GST
An. minimus s.s.	VHBA, 2003	S	S	S	S	-	-	-
	VHBA, 2004	S	S	S	S	NO	NO	NO
	VHBB, 2003	S	S	S	S	NO	NO	NO
	VHBB, 2004	S	S	S	S	NO	NO	NO
	VTHA, 2004	S	S	S	PR	NO	NO	NO
	VLSA, 2004	S	PR	PR	PR	YES	NO	NO
	VQNA, 2004	S	PR	PR	R	YES	NO	NO
	VQNB, 2004	S	PR	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VNAB, 2004	nd	Nd	PR	nd	YES	YES	NO
An. harrisoni	VSLA, 2003	PR	S	nd	S	NO	NO	NO
	VSLB, 2003	S	S	nd	nd	NO	NO	NO
	VLSB, 2004	nd	R	PR	PR	NO	NO	NO
An. epiroticus	VKGA, 2003	S	PR	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VHCA, 04/2003	S	PR	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VHCB, 2003	PR	PR	R	R	NO	NO	NO
	VBTA, 2003	PR	PR	PR	PR	YES	NO	NO
	VBLB, 2003	nd	PR	nd	R	YES	NO	NO
	VHCA, 10/2003	PR	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VBLA, 2003	S	R	PR	PR	YES	NO	NO
	VBLA, 2004	S	R	S	R	YES	NO	NO
	VBLB, 2004	S	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VBTB, 2003	S	R	PR	R	YES	NO	NO
	VCMA, 2003	S	R	R	PR	YES	NO	NO
	VCMB, 2003	S	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VCMC, 2003	S	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VCMD, 2003	S	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VKGS, 2003	S	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VLAA, 2003	S	R	R	R	YES	NO	NO
	VLAB, 2003	S	R	PR	R	YES	NO	NO
	VSTA, 2003	S	R	PR	R	YES	NO	NO
	VTGA, 2003	PR	R	nd	Nd	YES	NO	NO
An. subpictus	VLAA, 2003	PR	PR	PR	PR	NO	NO	YES
	VKGB, 2003	PR	R	PR	R	YES	NO	YES

¹Mortality categories
S Susceptible (mortality > 98%)
PR Possibility of resistance (mortality between 80–97%)
R Resistant (mortality < 80%)
Nd Not done
²YES: mean rank of population is significantly higher than mean rank of VHBA An. minimus s.s. population.
NO: mean rank of population is not significant higher than mean rank of VHBA An. minimus s.s. population

ISSN: 1475-2875