Table 3 Association of anaemia and parasitaemia with household and clinical characteristics among children 6-30 months of age enrolled into the 2008 HH and EPI-HF surveys (adjusted for clustering).
2008 | Household surveys (N = 4565) | EPI-Health facility surveys (N = 1909) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Anaemia (Hb<8 g/dl) n (%) | χ2 P-value | Parasitaemia n (%) | χ2 P-value | Anaemia (Hb<8 g/dl) n (%) | χ2 P-value | Parasitaemia n (%) | χ2 P-value |
Age(months) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   6-8 | 95 (14.8) | 0.19 | 65(13.8) | 0.29 | 71 (15.3) | 0.67 | 47 (10.4) | 0.08 |
   9-11 | 97 (20.8) |  | 70(19.1) |  | 66 (16.8) |  | 50 (13.0) |  |
   12-17 | 192 (15.0) |  | 169(14.8) |  | 87 (16.4) |  | 67 (12.8) |  |
   18-23 | 143 (15.4) |  | 154(18.4) |  | 47 (13.9) |  | 49 (14.9) |  |
   24-29 | 122 (13.6) |  | 149(18.6) |  | 24 (13.0) |  | 34 (18.7) |  |
District | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Phalombe | 179 (17.7) | 0.01 | 193(81.4) | <.0001 | - | 0.07 | - | <.0001 |
   Blantyre | 65 (11.3) |  | 36(93.5) |  | 73 (12.1) |  | 59 (9.8) |  |
   Chiradzulu | 112 (18.8) |  | 76(87.0) |  | - |  | - |  |
   Mwanza | 80 (13.2) |  | 105(82.0) |  | - |  | - |  |
   Lilongwe | 127 (17.5) |  | 165(76.6) |  | 125 (19.7) |  | 149 (24.7) |  |
   Rumphi | 86 (8.5) |  | 32(96.0) |  | 97 (14.4) |  | 39 (5.8) |  |
Wealth quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Poorest | 168 (19.1) | <.0001 | 168(22.5) | <.0001 | 43 (21.6) | <.000 | 40 (20.4) | <.0001 |
   2nd | 155 (19.1) |  | 141(18.5) |  | 89 (19.1) | 1 | 92 (20.3) |  |
   3rd | 161 (15.2) |  | 170(20.4) |  | 75 (19.5) |  | 53 (14.1) |  |
   4th | 113 (13.9) |  | 88(11.3) |  | 50 (13.4) |  | 36 (9.9) |  |
   Wealthiest | 52 (6.7) |  | 40(7.6) |  | 38 (7.9) |  | 26 (5.4) |  |
History of fever | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 229 (25.9) | <.0001 | 173(23.1) | <.0001 | 78(22.7) | 0.001 | 63 (18.8) | <.0001 |
   No | 420 (11.5) |  | 434(14.6) |  | 217(13.9) |  | 184 (12.0) |  |
Currently febrile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 95 (43.1) | <.0001 | 94 (51.0) | <.0001 | 22 (25.0) | 0.04 | 37 (44.0) | <.0001 |
   No | 554 (13.7) |  | 513 (14.8) |  | 273(15.0) |  | 210 (11.8) |  |
Clinical malaria | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 59 (58.6) |  | NA |  | 17 (45.9) | <.000 | NA |  |
   No | 581 (14.2) | <.0001 |  |  | 270(14.7) | 1 |  |  |
Slept under a net the previous night | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 235 (13.4) | 0.03 | 211(14.1) | 0.02 | 154(14.4) | 0.20 | 99 (9.4) | 0.0002 |
   No | 414 (16.8) |  | 396(18.8) |  | 141(16.7) |  | 148(18.0) |  |
Slept under ITN previous night | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 186(13.3) | 0.03 | 179(14.6) | 0.06 | 142(15.1) | 0.68 | 90 (9.7) | 0.002 |
   No | 463(16.7) |  | 428(18.2) |  | 153(15.8) |  | 157(16.6) |  |