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Table 2 EIR Studies Tied to Insecticide Treated Bed Net Intervention

From: Using the entomological inoculation rate to assess the impact of vector control on malaria parasite transmission and elimination

Location/Year Study Done/Reference

Insecticide

Mosquito

Method

EIR

Parasite Rate

Tanzania: highland hamlets (altitudes 784 - 1148 m) and lowland hamlets

(199-300 m)

October 1998-August 2000 [20]

[0.02] g alphacypermethrin/m2

nets not re-treated during study

An. gambiae s.l., An. funestus and An.marshallii s.l.

light traps, pyrethrum spray, window exit traps and ELISA

Infectious bites/person/year

Highland:

Control = 10.4 ITN = 3.2

Lowland:

Control = 148.6 ITN = 37.5

Highland =

69% Reduction

Lowland =

75% Reduction

Highlands:

6 months-2 years:

Control = 54.1% ITN = 31.4%

2-5 years:

Control = 73% ITN = 44.3%

6-12 years:

Control = 67.7% ITN = 49.4%

Lowlands:

6 months-2 years:

Control = 82.9% ITN = 63.1%

2-5 years:

Control = 88.8% ITN = 78.3%

6-12 years:

Control = 83.3% ITN = 80.6%

Highlands = 36% Reduction

Lowlands = 13% Reduction

Lake Victoria shore in Western Kenya

January 1997-February 2000 [19]

[0.5] g permethrin/m2

nets re-treated every 6-11 months

An. gambiae and An. funestus

pyrethrum spray sheet collection and ELISA

Infectious bite/person/month

Control = 0.93

ITN = 0.08

91% Reduction

Not reported

North East Tanzania

1997-1998 [21]

[0.02] g alphacypermethrin/m2 or [0.1] g lambdacyhalothrin/m2

An. gambiae s.l., An. funestus, An. marshallii and cx. quinquefasciatus

light traps and ELISA

Infectious bites/person/night

Control = 3.24

alphacypermethrin = 0.153

lambdacyhalothrin = 0.140

alphacypermethrin = 95% Reduction

lambdacyhalothrin = 97% Reduction

Rates of re-infection with asexual malaria parasites after treatment with chlorproguanil-dapsone:

Control = 30.8%

alphacypermethrin = 8.0%

lambdacyhalothrin = 7.5%

alphacypermethrin = 74% Reduction

lambdacyhalothrin = 76% Reduction

North-east Tanzania

1995-1996 [25]

[0.01] g lambdacyhalothrin/m2 for two villages

[0.02] g lambdacyhalothrin/m2 for two villages

nets re-treated after 7 months

An. gambiae and An. Funestsus

light traps, window exit traps, pyrethrum spray collection and ELISA

Infectious bites/person/night

1995:

Control = 1.04

ITN = 1.48

1996:

Control = 0.773

ITN = 0.08

1995 = 42% Increase

1996 = 90%Reduction

Not reported

Western Kenya

March-June 1990 and 1991 (high transmission season) [22]

[0.5] g permethrin/m2

nets re-treated October 1990

An. Gambiae s.s.

night biting collections and ELISA

Infectious bites/person/night

1990 high transmission season:

Control = 0.47 ITN = 0.21

1991 high transmission season:

Control = 0.36 ITN = 0.09

1990 = 55% Reduction

1991 = 75% Reduction

Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia

≥ 2,500/mm2 in children less than six years old

1990 high transmission season:

Control = 135 (94) ITN = 77 (53)

1991 high transmission season:

Control = 64(82) ITN = 51(64)

1990 = 43% Reduction

1991 = 20% Reduction

Northern Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands

November 1987-June 1988 [26]

[0.5] g permethrin/m2

nets re-treated August 1987

An. farauti and An. Puctulatus

Human landing catch and ELISA

Infectious bites/person/night

Control = 2.204

ITN = 0.129

94% Reduction

P. falciparum

Control = 29% ITN = 21%

P. vivax

Control = 12% ITN = 14%

P. falciparum = 28% Reduction

P. vivax = 17% Increase