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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants.

From: Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria exhibits marked inflammatory imbalance

 

Plasmodium vivax infection

Variables

Non-infected N = 90

Asymptomatic N = 60

Mild N = 50

Severe N = 19

Male - no. (%)

39 (43.3)

30 (50.0)

22 (44.0)

10 (52.6)

Age - year *

    

   Median

38.0

42.0

33.0

22.0

   Interquartile interval

25.0 - 51.0

32.0 - 48.2

26.7 - 48.0

16.0 - 35.0

Previous malaria episodes *

    

   Median

14.0

16.0

8.0

3.5

   Interquartile interval

10.0 - 18.0

13.0 - 20.0

1.0 - 12

2.0 - 7.5

Years resident in the area *

    

   Median

11.4

12.5

7.4

3.0

   Interquartile interval

3.2 - 12.8

4.2 - 14.6

0.5 - 9.2

0.5 - 5.4

Parasitaemia (parasites/uL) *

    

   Median

0

73 §

4,798

49,358

   Interquartile interval

0

54.0 - 85.0

2,934 - 7,483

32,796 - 54,244

Haemoglobin (g/dL) *

    

   Median

13.2

11.5

8.9

6.4

   Interquartile interval

9.2 - 14.5

9.5 - 14.2

7.3 - 12.6

5.8 - 7.4

CRP (ng/mL)*

    

   Median

5.65

6.6

6.5

15.3

   Interquartile interval

3.7 - 9.47

4.12 - 9.35

4.9 - 8.7

11.9 - 20.65

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)*

    

   Median

0.85

0.9

1.1

1.7

   Interquartile interval

0.7 - 1.2

0.7 - 1.2

0.7 - 1.3

1.42 - 2.45

AST (U/L)*

    

   Median

41.5

50.2

95.2

385.5

   Interquartile interval

32.5 - 68.3

38.4 - 73.5

42.6 - 251.7

277.3 - 487.4

   UNL

1.04

1.25

2.38

9.64

ALT (U/L)*

    

   Median

42.35

40

58.3

238.4

   Interquartile interval

37.28 - 53.58

23.25 - 65.78

43.6 - 87.5

105.5 - 364.6

   UNL

1.06

1

1.46

4.96

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)*

    

   Median

0.35

0.4

0.8

2.1

   Interquartile interval

0.3 - 0.4

0.3 - 0.62

0.7 - 2.05

1.15 - 3.1

Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)

    

   Median

0

0.11

0.3

1.1

   Interquartile interval

0 - 0

0.01 - 0.4

0 - 1.63

0 - 2.2

Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL)

    

   Median

0.3

0.28

0.5

1.1

   Interquartile interval

0.28 - 0.37

0.2 - 0.3

0.45 - 0.72

0.6 - 1.3

  1. CRP: C reactive protein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine amino-transferase; UNL: Upper normal levels. Data represent the number of times the median of AST or ALT is higher than the standardized normal laboratory level (40 U/L). Ordinal variables were compared using the Kruskal Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons. The prevalence of male gender was compared between the groups using chi-square test. §Six out of sixty individuals with asymptomatic P. vivax infection were negative for malaria infection by light microscopy, but were positive for Plasmodium vivax infection by nested PCR. *Differences were significant between groups (P < 0.05).
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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