Table 2 Influence of nutritional indicators on innate cytokines responses after 24-h in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with malaria-infected erythrocytes
Nutrient status indicator | Supernatant concentration (ng/L) after 24 h of stimulation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | TNF-α | IL-1β | IL-10 | |||
Children without Plasmodium infection | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Plasma zinc concentration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Normal | 31.7 | (32) | 39.3 | (37) | 10.8 | (45) |
Low | 28.8 | (28) | 36.2 | (36) | 10.5 | (20) |
Difference | -9% (-51% to 67%) | -81% (-49% to 68%) | -3% (-42% to 63%) | |||
   Plasma magnesium concentration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Normal | 33.2 | (25) | 35.5 | (30) | 8.5 | (18) |
Low | 28.4 | (35) | 39.4 | (43) | 12.4 | (27) |
Difference | -15% (-54% to 59%) | 11% (-40% to 104%) | 46% (13% to 144%) | |||
   Iron deficiency anaemia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Absent | 27.1 | (51) | 35.3 | (63) | 9.3 | (37) |
Present | 33.9 | (11) | 43.8 | (13) | 19.9 | (8) |
Difference | 25% (-45% to 183%) | 24% (-42% to 170%) | 113% (13% to 301%) | |||
Children with Plasmodium infection | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Plasma zinc concentration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Normal | 22.2 | (27) | 20.7 | (27) | 6.1 | (12) |
Low | 38.7 | (31) | 28.0 | (35) | 7.2 | (18) |
Difference | 74% (11% to 240%) | 35% (26% to 146%) | 17% (-34% to 107%) | |||
   Plasma magnesium concentration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Normal | 36.3 | (19) | 36.5 | (19) | 6.5 | (12) |
Low | 27.2 | (39) | 20.6 | (43) | 6.9 | (18) |
Difference | -25% (-64% to 55%) | -44% (-70% to 6%) | 6% (-40% to 87%) | |||
   Iron deficiency anaemia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Absent | 31.6 | (61) | 26.1 | (64) | 7.6 | (32) |
Present | 64.9 | (1) | 17.7 | (2) | 3.2 | (1) |
Difference | Not calculated | -32% (-88% to 270%) | Not calculated | |||