Effect of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole on the risk of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children living in an area of widespread antifolate resistance

Table 4 Prevalence of molecular markers of anti-folate resistance among new episodes of P. falciparum malaria

Characteristics	HIV-uninfected* (n = 352)	HIV-infected* (n = 60)	P-value
Prevalence of dhfr mutations
51I	179(99%)^†	60(100%)	0.563
59R	163 (91%)^†	56(93%)	0.510
108N	180(100%)^†	60 (100%)
164L	1 (1%)^†	5 (8%)	0.001
Prevalence of dhps mutations
437G	172 (96%)^†	58 (97%)	0.709
540E	174(97%)^†	59 (99%)	0.506
Quintuple mutation^‡	154 (86%)^†	55 (92%)	0.222

*All HIV-uninfected participants were not receiving TS and all HIV-infected participants were receiving daily TS
^† Assessed in a random sample of 180 episodes matched by malaria treatment and calendar time
^‡ dhfr 51I/59R/108N + dhps 437G/540E mutations