Immunoglobulin GM 3 23 5,13,14 phenotype is strongly associated with IgG1 antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate antigens PvMSP1-19 and PvAMA-1

Table 2 GM/KM phenotypes in relation to IgG subclass-specific antibodies to PvAMA-1 in subjects exposed to malaria

Phenotypes (Number of subjects)	Antibody levels (Reactivity Index) (Median, Interquartile range)
	IgG1	IgG2	IgG3	IgG4
GM 1,2,17 21 (10)	^b0.15(0.10-0.48)	0.02(0.01-0.62)	0.57(0.18-1.04)	0.06(0.01-0.64)
GM 1,17 5,13,14,21 (21)	^c0.28(0.05-0.58)	0.4(0.05-1.21)	0.47(0.24-1.05)	0.37(0.05-0.75)
GM 1,2,3,17 23 5,13,14,21 (14)	1.09(0.54-3.70)	0.42(0.16-0.88)	0.45(0.26-0.73)	0.23(0.03-0.38)
GM 1,3,17 23 5,13,14,21 (33)	^d2.02(0.61-3.67)	0.50(0.16-1.23)	0.66(0.31-1.72)	0.58(0.13-0.93)
GM 1,3,17 23 5,6,13,14 (10)	1.68(0.22-3.83)	0.01(0.01-0.30)	0.31(0.01-1.10)	0.60(0.01-0.91)
GM 1,3,17 5,13,14,21 (20)	0.94(0.18-3.98)	0.35(0.01-0.92)	0.47(0.09-1.86)	0.27(0.06-0.92)
GM 3 23 5,13,14 (22)	^e3.81(1.18-11.78)	0.45(0.01-1.71)	0.76(0.12-1.32)	0.15(0.01-2.30)
^aOther GM (80)	^f0.58(0.11-2.09)	0.39(0.13-1.66)	0.59(0.18-1.09)	0.32(0.03-0.87)
KM 1 (11)	0.71(0.03-1.10)	0.13(0.01-0.44)	0.28(0.10-0.82)	0.47(0.38-0.95)
KM 1,3 (80)	0.67(0.27-1.96)	0.49(0.14-1.09)	0.57(0.23-1.06)	0.33(0.04-0.69)
KM 3 (119)	0.94 (0.19-3.69)	0.37(0.01-1.06)	0.57(0.21-1.14)	0.29(0.03-0.85)

^aOther GM [(GM 1,17 21 (n = 5), GM 1,17 5,6,14,21 (n = 5), GM 3 5,13,14 (n = 4), GM 1,17 13,21 (n = 5), GM 1,17 6,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,2,17 13,21 (n = 5), GM 1,2,17 13,14,21 (n = 3), GM 1,3,17 13,14,21 (n = 2), GM 1,17 23 5,13,14,21 (n = 2), GM 1,17 5,6,13,14 (n = 5), GM 1,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 4), GM 1,17 5,14,21 (n = 2), GM 1,2,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 2), GM 1,2,17 5,6,14,21 (n = 4), GM 1,2,17 5,6,21 (n = 2), GM 1,2,3,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,3,17 23 5,13,14 (n = 1), GM 1,3,17 23 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 5), GM 1,3,17 5,13,14 (n = 5), GM 1,3,17 5,6,13,14 (n = 5), GM 1,3,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 3), GM 1,2,17 5,13,14,21 (n = 4), GM 1,2,3,17 5,13,14,21 (n = 5)]
^bsignificantly lower (P = 0.019), ^csignificantly lower (P = 0.0003), ^dsignificantly higher (P = 0.007), ^esignificantly higher (P = 0.002), ^fsignificantly lower (P = 0.029) (obtained by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) compared with the rest of the GM phenotypes.

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