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Table 2 Protective Efficacy (%) of three mixtures of human-derived semiochemicals at different concentrations in arm-in-cage experiments

From: Arm-in-cage testing of natural human-derived mosquito repellents

Mean % P.E. (±S.E.)

Concentration (%)

Mixture 1

Mixture 2

Mixture 3

Mixture 4

Anopheles gambiae

    

0.0001

--

--

9.4 (± 2.3)d

--

0.001

9.2 (± 1.8)e

-3.5 (± 6.4)d

24.4 (± 5.1)c*

--

0.01

16.9 (± 3.5)d*

16.5 (± 5.1)c*

79.4 (± 3.7)b*

--

0.1

44.6 (± 3.5)c*

26.9 (± 3.7)c*

87.1 (± 3.1)b*

--

1

94.1 (± 1.1)b*

59.5 (± 3.1)b*

100 (± 0)a*

--

10

100 (± 0)a*

100 (± 0)a*

100 (± 0)a*

--

Culex quinquefasciatus

    

0.001

9.6 (± 3.5)d

--

11.3 (± 1.9)d*

--

0.01

20.82 (± 4.9)cd*

--

20.8 (± 2.3)d*

--

0.1

33.46 (± 3.8)c*

--

55.6 (± 5.8)c*

--

1

84.1 (± 7)b*

--

77 (± 4.5)b*

--

10

100 (± 0)a*

--

100 (± 0)a*

--

Aedes aegypti

    

0.001

-4.5 (± 8.3)d

20 (± 8.3)b*

17.7 (± 8.3)c*

10.6 (± 8.3)c*

0.01

6.4 (± 4.9)c

25 (± 8.7)b*

8.8 (± 5.7)c

16.3 (± 7.4)c*

0.1

19 (± 7.9)b*

25.8 (± 8.8)b*

26.5 (± 8.8)c*

12.7 (± 6.7)c*

1

30 (± 9.2)a*

40.8 (± 9.8)a*

48.7 (± 9.9)b*

29.1 (± 9.1)b*

10

37.3 (± 9.7)a*

44.1 (± 9.9)a*

77.9 (± 8.3)a*

53.6 (± 9.9)a*

  1. Mixture 1 = 1:1:1:1:1 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one:octanal:nonanal:decanal:geranylacetone
  2. Mixture 2 = 1:3:1:0.5:0.5 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one:octanal:nonanal:decanal:geranylacetone
  3. Mixture 3 = 1:1 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one:geranylacetone
  4. Mixture 4 = 1:1:1 octanal: nonanal: decanal
  5. Means followed by different letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05)
  6. P.E. = protective efficacy (% control mean - % test mean/% control mean)
  7. *Significantly different from the control (untreated arm) (P < 0.05)