Evaluation of selected South African ethnomedicinal plants as mosquito repellents against the Anopheles arabiensis mosquito in a rodent model

Maharaj, Rajendra; Maharaj, Vinesh; Newmarch, Marion; Crouch, Neil R; Bhagwandin, Niresh; Folb, Peter I; Pillay, Pamisha; Gayaram, Reshma

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-301

Table 1 Two minute mosquito repellency screening results for extracts of South African ethnomedicinal plants.

From: Evaluation of selected South African ethnomedicinal plants as mosquito repellents against the Anopheles arabiensis mosquito in a rodent model

Family	Plant species	Voucher number	Plant Part	Extraction	Repellency (%)
Apiaceae	Apiaceae	EN00994	Whole plant	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	55
	Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh.
			Whole plant	Water	23
Asphodelaceae	Aloe greatheadii Schönland var. davyana (Schönland) Glen & D.S. Hardy	EN00021	Leaves	DCM	55
		EN00021	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	55
		EN00021	Stem	DCM	53
		EN00021	Leaves	Water	43
		EN00021	Leaves	DCM	36
		EN00021	Stems	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	33
		EN00021	Stems	MeOH	31
		EN00021	Stems	Water	27
	Aloe ferox Mill.	EN00538	Fruit	DCM	68
		BP00469	Whole plant	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	58
		EN00538	Roots	DCM	56
		EN00538	Stem	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	52
		EN00538	Roots	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	50
		EN00538	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	40
		EN00538	Leaves	DCM	33
		EN00538	Stems	DCM	33
		EN00538	Roots	Water	31
		EN00538	Stems	Water	31
		BP00469	Whole plant	Water	30
		EN00538	Fruit	Water	26
		EN00538	Leaves	Water	26
		EN00538	Fruit	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	21
Asteraceae	*Bidens pilosa L.	EN00001	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	43
		EN00001	Leaves	DCM	40
		EN00001	Leaves	Water	31
		EN00001	Leaves	MeOH	30
	*Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.	EN00052	Leaves	MeOH	80
		EN00052	Leaves	DCM	76
		EN00052	Whole plant	MeOH	68
		EN00052	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	67
		EN00052	Whole plant	DCM	61
		EN00052	Whole plant	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	57
		EN00052	Flowers	MeOH	50
		EN00052	Leaves	Water	46
		EN00052	Whole plant	Water	31
		EN00052	Flowers	Water	25
		EN00052	Flowers	DCM	18
		EN00052	Flowers	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	15
	*Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.	DS00616	Whole plant	Water	67
		DS00616	Whole plant	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	20
	Litogyne gariepina (DC.) Anderb.	EN00213	Roots	DCM	83
		EN00213	Roots	Water	30
		EN00213	Roots	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	28
Buddlejaceae	Nuxia floribunda Benth.	BP00669	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	85
			Leaves	Water	28
Chenopodiacae	*Chenopodium ambrosioides L.	BP00545	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	87
		BP00545	Twigs	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	31
		BP00545	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	25
	*Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz	DS00390	Roots	Water	97
		DS00390	Stems	Water	67
		DS00390	Roots	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	33
		DS00390	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	33
		DS00390	Stems	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	30
		DS00390	Leaves	Water	20
Euphorbiaceae	Croton pseudopulchellus Pax	HV00052	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	33
		HV00052	Leaves	Water	25
	Spirostachys africana Sond.	EN00346	Stems	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	48
		EN00346	Stems	Water	33
		EN00346	Stems	DCM	28
		BP00230	Leaves and twigs	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	18
Fabaceae	Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wright & Arn. subsp. africana Brenan & Brummitt	EN00101	Leaves	MeOH	67
		EN00101	Stems	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	65
		EN00101	Stems	DCM	50
		EN00101	Leaves	Water	46
		EN00101	Stems	Water	33
		EN00101	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	33
		EN00101	Leaves	DCM	28
	Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A.Chev.	BP00043	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	76
		BP00043	Leaves	DCM	72
		BP00043	Leaves	MeOH	48
		BP00043	Leaves	Water	26
	Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire (syn.	MM00019	Stems	DCM	55
	Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe)
		MM00019	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	31
		MM00019	Stems	Water	30
		MM00019	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	30
		MM00019	Seeds	Water	28
		MM00019	Roots	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	28
		MM00019	Leaves	Water	27
		MM00019	Bark	DCM/MeOH	26
		MM00019	Roots	Water	21
		MM00019	Bark	Water	20
Lamiaceae	Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br.	EN00183	Leaves	DCM	86
		EN00183	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	52
		EN00183	Leaves	Water	26
	Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.	EN00296	Whole plant	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	56
		EN00296	Whole plant	DCM	55
		EN00296	Whole plant	Water	18
	Plectranthus laxiflorus Benth.	EN00195	Leaves	Water	55
		EN00195	Leaves	DCM	53
		EN00195	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	38
Malvaceae	Sida cordifolia L.	FP00185	Whole plant	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	87
		FP00185	Whole plant	Water	40
Meliaceae	*Melia azedarach L.	DS00379	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	60
		DS00379	Leaves	Water	33
Pedaliaceae	Ceratotheca triloba (Bernh.) Hook.f.	BP00646	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	50
		BP00646	Twigs	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	40
		BP00646	Twigs	Water	31
		BP00646	Leaves	Water	30
		BP00646	Fruit	Water	26
Rutaceae	Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth.	DS00090	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	56
		DS00090	Stems	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	31
		DS00090	Stems	Water	31
		DS00090	Leaves	Water	16
Solanaceae	*Datura stramonium L.	EN00769	Leaves	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	81
		EN00769	Fruit	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	40
		EN00769	Leaves	Water	30
		EN00769	Fruit	Water	23
Vitaceae	Cissus cornifolia (Baker) Planch.	MM00008	Stems	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	45
		MM00008	Roots	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	34
		MM00008	Leaves and flowers	DCM/MeOH (1:1)	31
		MM00008	Roots	Water	30
		MM00008	Stems	Water	25
		MM00008	Leaves and flowers	Water	25

* exotic to South Africa

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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