Country | Methods (study reference) | Generic name* (drug type or brand) | Product description, (as provided in the literature) | Mark ups across supply chain levels | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Intermediate 1 | Intermediate 2 | Terminal | Retail (location where available) | ||||||
Pharmacies | Drug shops | General shops | ||||||||
Burkina Faso | Document review; KII§ Semi-structured interviews with suppliers [54] | CQ | 1 dose | - | - | - | - | 100% | - | - |
SP | 1 dose | - | - | - | - | 100% | - | - | ||
ACT | 1 dose | - | - | - | 30% | 100% | - | - | ||
Cameroon | KII [54] | ACT | 1 dose | - | - | - | 14% | 34% | - | - |
Cambodia | Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [48, 55] | AS | 18 tablets | - | - | - | 2% | 3% | - | - |
AS+M ± (Malarine®) | Child dose | - | - | - | 50% | 3% | - | - | ||
Structured interviews with suppliers [58] | AS+M ± (Malarine®) | Adult dose | - | - | - | - | 71% ** | - | ||
AS+M ± (Malarine®) | Child dose | - | - | - | - | 65% ** | - | |||
AS+M2 | 8 tablets | - | - | - | - | 29% ** | - | |||
AS+M3 | 12 tablets | - | - | - | - | 15% ** | - | |||
AS+M4 | 17 tablets | - | - | - | - | 16% ** | - | |||
Kenya | KII and structured survey of retailers [78] | AQ (IB) | 9 tablets | 40% | - | - | 15% | 33% | - | - |
SP (IB) | 3 tablets | 29.5% | - | - | 15% | 33% | - | - | ||
SP (G, LPG) | 3 tablets | - | - | - | 15% | 203% | - | - | ||
Semi-structured interviews with retailers [25] | AQ (Malaramed®) | Child dose, syrup | - | - | - | - | 86% | - | - | |
AQ (Amobin®) | Child dose, syrup | - | - | - | - | 22.9% | - | - | ||
AQ (Malaratab®) | Child dose | - | - | - | - | 189% | - | - | ||
SP (Laridox®) | Child dose | - | - | - | - | 151% | - | - | ||
SP (Fansidar®) | Child dose | - | - | - | - | 13% | - | - | ||
SP (Falcidin®) | Child dose | - | - | - | - | 28% | - | - | ||
Document review [61] | AMs | - | - | - | - | 15% | 20% | - | - | |
KII [54] | ACT | 1 pack | - | - | - | 10% | 33% | - | - | |
Senegal | KII; Mystery shopper technique at retail level [62] | AS+AQ ± | Adult dose | - | - | - | 15% | 3-5% | - | - |
Child dose | - | - | - | 15% | 11-22% | - | - | |||
Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [55] | Q (IB, BG) | 1 dose (injection) | - | - | - | 18% | 41% | - | ||
Q (G) | 1 dose (injection) | - | - | - | 15% | 30% | - | |||
Tanzania | Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [20, 32] | AQ | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 9% | - | 270%-669% (rural) | - |
AQ | 1 tablet | - | - | 8% | - | - | - | - | ||
Q | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 26% | - |
150%-203% (rural) | - | ||
Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [31] | SP | 3 tablets | 48% | - | - | 13% | - | - | 100-233% | |
Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [29, 30] | AL (IB) ±i | 5<15 kg dose | - | - | - | 67% ** | - | 100-200% | - | |
15<25 kg dose | - | - | - | 56% ** | - | 60%-221% | - | |||
25<35 kg dose | - | - | - | 52% ** | - | 47%-230% | - | |||
35+ kg dose | - | - | - | 50% ** | - | 39%-233% | - | |||
AL (IB) ±ii | 5 <15 kg dose | 43% | - | - | - | - | 100-200% | - | ||
15<25 kg dose | 34% | - | - | - | - | 60%-221% | - | |||
25<35 kg dose | 31% | - | - | - | - | 47%-230% | - | |||
35+ kg dose | 27-30% ** | - | - | - | - | 39%-233% | - | |||
Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [34] | ACT (IB) | n/a† | - | - | - | 21% | - | 54% (rural) | - | |
AMT(IB) | n/a† | - | - | - | 18% | - | 44% (rural) | - | ||
SP | n/a† | - | - | - | 23% | - |
110% (rural) | - | ||
AQ | n/a† | - | - | - | 41% | - | 96% (rural) | - | ||
Quinine | n/a† | - | - | - | 38% | - | 64% (rural) | - | ||
Uganda | Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [59] | SP (MSG) | 3 tablets | - | - | 6% | - | 410% | - | - |
SP (LPG) | 3 tablets | 27% | - | - | 29% | 501% | - | - | ||
KII; Semi-structured interviews with retailers [54] | All AMs | n/a | 40-50% | - | - | 7-8% | - | - | - | |
AL (G) | 1 dose | - | - | - | - | 38% | - | |||
CQ (G) | 1 dose | - | - | - | - | 100% | - | |||
Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [26] | DHA+PP (IB) | 1 tablet | 32% | - | - | 14% | - |
29% (rural) | - | |
DHA+PP (IB) | 1 tablet | 32% | - | - | 21% | 22% (rural) | - | - | ||
SP (IB) | 1 tablet | 57% | - | - | 8% | - |
43% (rural) | - | ||
SP (IB) | 1 tablet | 57% | - | - | 16% | 50%(rural) | - | - | ||
SP (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 40% | - |
198% (rural) | - | ||
SP (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 13% | 271%(rural) | - | - | ||
CQ (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 18% | 152%(rural) | - | - | ||
Artemether (IB) | 1 ampoule | 99% | - | - | 33% | - |
50% (rural) | - | ||
Artemether (IB) | 1 ampoule | 56% | - | - | 16% | 28%(rural) | - | - | ||
SP (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 25% | - |
200% (rural) | - | ||
CQ (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 41% | - |
92% (rural) | - | ||
DHA+PP (IB) | 1 tablet | 36% | - | - | 11% | 65%(urban) | - | - | ||
Artemether | 1 ampoule | 56% | - | - | 17% | - |
136% (urban) | - | ||
Artemether | 1 ampoule | 56% | - | - | 17% | 82%(urban) | - | - | ||
SP (IB) | 1 tablet | 57% | - | - | 5% | 85%(urban) | - | - | ||
SP (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 25% |
566% (urban) | - | - | ||
CQ (G) | 1 tablet | - | - | - | 24% |
143% (urban) | - | - | ||
Zambia | Structured interviews with suppliers [33] | ACT | - | - | - | - | - | - | 60% | - |
SP | - | - | - | - | - | 182% | - | - | ||
ACT | - | - | - | - | - | 29%, 11%-100% (urban) | ||||
ACT | - | - | - | - | - | 67%,13%-100% (peri-urban) | ||||
ACT | - | - | - | - | - | 54%, 50-100% (rural) | ||||
SP | - | - | - | - | - | 50%, 15%-327% (urban) | ||||
SP | - | - | - | - | - | 300%, 50%-517% (peri-urban) | ||||
SP | - | - | - | - | - | 50%, 15%-500% (rural) | ||||
Semi-structured interviews with suppliers and retailers [48, 55] | Selected AM ¥ | - | - | - | - | - | 30% |