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Table 2 Prevalence of pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr and pfdhps haplotypes in Swaziland: 1999 and 2007.

From: Markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Swaziland: identification of pfmdr1-86F in natural parasite isolates

Gene

n

Genotype/Haplotype

Prevalence

    

1999

2007

pfcrt

Amino acids:

72 - 76

64 (1999)

CVMNK

wild-type

5 (8%)

1 (17%)

 

6 (2007)

CVIET

mutant

45 (70%)

5 (83%)

  

CVMNK/CVIET

mixed

14 (22%)

0 (0%)

pfmdr1

Amino acids:

86,184,103, 1042, 1246.

51 (1999)

86N

wild-type

12 (24%)

4 (67%)

 

6 (2007)

86Y

mutant

37 (73%)

2 (33%)

  

86F

mutant

2 (4%)

0 (0%)

 

50 (1999)

184Y

wild-type

39 (78%)

2 (33%)

 

6 (2007)

184F

mutant

11 (22%)

4 (67%)

 

51 (1999)

1246D

wild-type

25 (51%)

6 (100%)

 

6 (2007)

1246Y

mutant

25 (49%)

0 (0%)

 

50 (1999)

NYD

wild-type

2 (4%)

0 (0%)

 

6 (2007)

NF D

single-mutant 1

4 (8%)

4 (67%)

  

F YD

single-mutant 2

2 (4%)

0 (0%)

  

NYY

single-mutant 3

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

  

Y YD

single-mutant 4

15(30%)

2 (33%)

  

Y YY

double-mutant 1

19 (38%)

0 (0%)

  

NFY

double-mutant 2

4(8%)

0(0%)

  

YF D

double-mutant 3

2(4%)

0 (0%)

  

YFY

triple-mutant

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

pfdhfr

Amino acids:

50,51,59,108,164

34 (1999)

CNCSI

wild-type

3 (8%)

1 (17%)

 

6 (2007)

CNCSI/CIRN I

mixed

0 (0%)

1 (17%)

  

CIRN I

triple-mutant

28 (82%)

3 (50%)

  

CIRN I/CIRNL

mixed

0 (0%)

1 (17%)

  

CIRN I/CI CN I

mixed

3 (10%)

0 (0%)

Pfdhps

Amino acids:

436, 437, 540, 581,613.

27 (1999)

SAKAA

wild-type

25 (93%)

6 (100%)

 

6 (2007)

SGE AA

double-mutant

2 (7%)

0 (0%)

pfdhr & pfdhps

23 (1999)

CNCSI/SAKAA

 

3 (13%)

1 (17%)

 

6 (2007)

CIRN I/SAKAA

 

18 (78%)

5(83%)

  

CIRN I/SGE AA

quintuple-mutant

2 (9%)

0 (0%)

  1. NB: CIRN I/CIRNL, CIRN I/CI CN I and CNCSI/CIRN I mixed haplotypes have been grouped into CIRN I for analysis of the prevalence of combined dhfr/dhps mutant haplotypes. n = number of successfully genotyped samples. Mutant alleles are in bold for ease of identification.