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Table 1 Characteristics of study sites and populations between 2003 and 2005

From: Plasmodium falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs in Papua New Guinea: evaluation of a community-based approach for the molecular monitoring of resistance

Karimui area

(Simbu Province)

South Wosera

(East Sepik Province)

North Coast

(Madang Province)

Endemicity*

mesoendemic

  

mesoendemic

 

Mesoendemic

Transmission intensity §

moderate

  

high

 

high

Year

2003

2004

2005

2003

2004

2004

n

265

347

359

317

366

359

Mean age in years

(95% CI, range)

18.9

(17.0-20.7, 0.5-60)

19.4

(17.7-21.2, 0.5-73)

15.4

(14.0-16.8, 0.5-66)

20.4

(18.7-22.2, 0.5-70)

21.3

(19.6-23.1, 0.5-69)

19.6

(17.8-21.5, 0.5-70)

Sex: females/n (%)

137/265 (51.7)

192/347 (55.3)

186/359 (51.9)

159/317 (50.1)

189/366 (51.6)

182/359 (50.7)

Mean temperature in°C (95% CI)

36.1

(36.0-36.1)

36.1

(36.0-36.1)

36.4

(36.4-36.5)

36.6

(36.5-36.6)

36.5

(36.5-36.6)

36.4

(36.3-36.4)

Mean Hb in g/dl (95% CI)

11.5

(11.2-11.8)

12.1

(11.8-12.3)

11.4

(11.2-11.7)

10.7

(10.5-10.9)

10.7

(10.6-10.9)

10.4

(10.3-10.6)

x/n (Pf prevalence by microscopy

(%, 95% CI)

34/258

(13.2, 9.3-17.9)

64/346

(18.5, 14.5-23.0)

82/358

(22.9, 18.7-27.6)

55/314

(17.5, 13.5-22.2)

96/356

(27.0, 22.4-31.9)

82/358

(22.9, 18.7-27.6)

x/n (Pf prevalence by msp2 nPCR

(%, 95% CI)

102/263

(38.8, 32.9-45.0)

71/347

(20.5, 16.3-25.1)

131/359

(36.5, 31.5-41.7)

129/317

(40.7, 35.2-46.3)

147/366

(40.2, 35.1-45.4)

115/359

(32.0, 27.2-37.1)

Mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) (95% CI, range)

1.46 (1.32-1.60, 1-4)

1.59 (1.38-1.80, 1-4)

1.77 (1.62-1.92, 1-4)

1.77 (1.57-1.96, 1-6)

1.85 (1.68-2.02, 1-5)

1.54 (1.38-1.70, 1-5)

* x/n (Pf prevalence in age group 2-9 (%, 95% CI)

13/93

(14.0, 7.7-22.8)

20/107

(18.7, 11.8-27.4)

44/138

(31.9, 24.2-40.4)

21/98

(23.6, 15.2-33.8)

36/110

(32.7, 24.1-42.3)

46/128

(35.9, 27.7-44.9)

* Spleen rate in age group 2-9

(95% CI)

nd

26.8

(18.8-36.2)

35.8

(27.7-44.6)

17.7

(10.2-27.4)

17.3

(10.7-25.7)

41.1

(32.4-50.3)

Number of patients ( in vivo drug efficacy studies) #

97

93

128

112

115

104

Treatment Failure Rate (TFR, %) #

27.8

18.3

16.4

16.1

21.7

11.5

  1. * determined according to P. falciparum prevalence and spleen rates (i.e., proportion of individuals with enlarged spleen) of 11-50% in children aged 2-9 years ([29]);
  2. § ([24, 26, 28]), n, total number of people surveyed; CI, confidence interval; Hb, haemoglobin; Pf, P. falciparum; msp2, merozoite surface protein 2; nPCR, nested polymerase chain reaction; nd, not determined; # [30, 34]
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Malaria Journal

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