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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of individual risk factors for malaria slide positivity

From: Malaria parasite carriage and risk determinants in a rural population: a malariometric survey in Rwanda

Variable

N =  12,965 n (%)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR (95% CI), P value

OR (95% CI), P value

Malaria infection (positive)

652 (5.03)

--

--

Gender

  Female

7,567 (58.36)

1

1

  Male

5,398 (41.64)

1.409 (1.191-1.667), <0.0001

1.201 (1.009-1.428), 0.039

Age group

  0-4

2,199 (16.96)

1

 

  5-15

4,431 (34.18)

1.905 (1.514-2.397), <0.0001

1.938 (1.541-2.438), <0.0001

  16+

6,335 (48.86)

0.359 (0.275-0.468), <0.0001

0.384 (0.294-0.503), <0.0001

Fever in last 6 months

  No

4,838 (37.32)

1

1

  Yes

8,127 (62.68)

1.464 (1.209-1.773), <0.0001

1.306 (1.072-1.590), 0.008

HH wall types

  Bricks/cement

3,780 (29.16)

1

11

  Wood/mud

9,185 (70.84)

0.550 (0.458-0.661), 0.001

0.543 (0.442-0.668), <0.0001

HH roof type

  Wooden poles

24 (0.19)

1

1

  Tiles/Iron sheets

12,941 (99.81)

0.558 (0.037-0.933, 0.04

0.239 (0.053-1.074), 0.062

HH floor type

  Clay/Earth/Dung

10,301 (79.45)

1

1

  Cement/bricks

2,664 (20.55)

0.384 (0.289-0.511), <0.0001

0.529 (0.389-0.719), <0.0001

Wealth index

  Low

3,608 (27.83)

1

 

  Medium

6,672 (51.46)

0.618 (0.509-0.751), <0.0001

0.726 (0.592-0.890), 0.005

  High

2,685 (20.71)

0.479 (0.3760-0.610), <0.0001

0.599 (0.451-0.797), 0.002

Residential cell

  Biharwe

2,249 (17.35)

1

 

  Gatanga

2,822 (21.77)

0.920 (0.678-1.250), 0.595

1.016 (0.741-1.392), 0.923

  Gikundamvura

2,565 (19.78)

1.883 (1.418-2.504), <0.0001

2.432 (1.797-3.293), <0.0001

  Kindama

3,341 (25.77)

1.023 (0.977-1.304), 0.876

1.487 (1.091-2.025), 0.012

  Ruhuha

1,988 (15.33)

0.631 (0.440-0.905), 0.012

0.957 (0.650-1.408), 0.822

Malaria control tools used

IRS done in HH

   

  No

217 (5.47)

1

  Yes

3,752 (94.53)

1.150 (0.729-1.815), 0.549

Own ≥1 LLIN in HH

  No

282 (7.11)

1

  Yes

3,687 (92.89)

1.144 (0.761-1.722), 0.517