Table 2 Outcome frequencies

Placental infection by histopathology

Abnormal (classes 1–4)

162/435 (37)

Active infection (class 1)

18/435 (4)

Chronic infection (classes 2 and 3)

32/435 (7)

Past infection (class 4)

112/435 (26)

Low birth weight (LBW) infant

34/435 (8)

Preterm infant

61/429 (14)

Small for gestational age (SGA) infant

76/428 (18)

Composite birth outcome (LBW, preterm, or SGA)

133/435 (31)

Stillbirth

9/432 (2)

Infant death within six weeks of birth

6/431 (1)

Maternal anaemia

Moderate anaemia (≥8.0 Hb <11.0 g/dl)

157/435 (36)

Severe anaemia (Hb <8.0 g/dl)

14/435 (3)

Blood smear positive for malaria parasites

Maternal peripheral

21/419 (5)

Cord blood

9/428 (2)

Placental

19/430 (4)

Any smear

28/420 (7)

Parasite density (parasites/ul); min, max, median

106.7, >200,000, 3333.3