Modelling sterile insect technique to control the population of Anopheles gambiae

James E Gentile; Samuel SC Rund; Gregory R Madey

doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0587-5

Table 1 A survey of SIT modelling literature

From: Modelling sterile insect technique to control the population of Anopheles gambiae

	Biological observation	Model notes
[38] Foster et al. 1988	Modelled EBS and female-killing of a	Computational model that works on
	hypothetical insect population at various	discrete generations comparing each male
	migrations, release rates, incomplete sterilities,	genotype with each female genotype.
	and number of mutated alleles. Under most,
	but not all scenarios, EBS achieves better
	control than female-killing.
[39] Schliekelman and Gould 2000a	The authors model a hypothetical transgenic	The model uses combinatorics to determine
	implementation in hypothetical insects	a population’s genetic make-up as inherited
	whereby there are multiple lethal genes	from parents. Lethality is operational in a
	in released insects and these lethal genes	population subset with the correct allele
	are conditional, killing only when certain	active in their genotype.
	conditions are met and otherwise propagate. Found that under ideal conditions, this
	implementation can be far more effective
	than traditional EBS.
[40] Schliekelman and Gould 2000b	Modelled transgenic implementation whereby	This model maintains 20 population signals,
	2–20 lethal genes were engineered into a	one for each possible active allele.
	hypothetical insect. As the number of lethal	Inheritance is captured as generations
	genes per released animal increases, there is a	inherit their genetic makeup from the
	greater chance any one progeny will inherit a	previous generation.
	lethal gene. Found under ideal conditions,
	control could be achieved at rates several
	orders of magnitude more effectively than
	single gene EBS.
[41] Barclay 2001	Modelled EBS in hypothetical insects, with	The analysis is performed with a discrete-
	special regard to incomplete sterility and lack	time population model. The paper reports
	of competitive mating ability, which cause	on many factors including equilibrium
	decreased levels of control success.	female population with regards to
		incomplete fertility.
[42] Esteva and Yang 2005	Models EBS implementation in males	Equation-based population model with
	engineered to have no sperm. Release	density dependent mortality.
	proportion is important.
[22] Phuc et al. 2007	Compared EBS to LBS. They found that EBS at	Time-delayed difference equation model
	low release ratios can increase equilibrium size	with a density-dependent mortality in the
	of adult population, but LBS can result in	aquatic life-stage and based on [43]. The
	eradication. At high release ratio EBS works but	difference between EBS and LBS was
	LBS works better.	characterized in population suppression.
[44] Kean et al. 2008	Frequent small releases of EBS moths may be	Discrete-time population model with
	more effective than less frequent releases. They	overlapping generations. This model takes
	also compared how competitiveness of	into account an over flooding parameter
	irradiated males effected control. Models doses	and incomplete sterility.
	of radiation which result in reduced, but not
	complete sterilisation of males to the benefit of
	increased mating competitiveness.
[45] Yakob et al. 2009	Modelled LBS, EBS, EFK, and LFK of a	Time-delayed difference equation model
	hypothetical insect population at various	representing the mosquito’s lifecycle with
	release proportions, migrations, density	adult and larval mortality terms.
	dependancies, and fecundities. Found bisex
	lethal could be preferred over female killing
	under certain scenarios.
[46] White et al. 2010	Models Ae. aegypti, EBS and LBS releases. Found	Population dynamics are modelled with
	control is more effective with fewer males	a time-delayed difference equation model
	released more often than many males released	extended from [43]. EBS and LBS are
	less frequently.	modelled and the dynamics of injected pulses of mosquitoes are reported.
[47] Deredec et al. 2011	Models an An. gambiae EFK implementation	This work extends a population model
	where the X chromosome in sperm is targeted	by adding HEG dynamics and focuses on
	(and two other transgenic techniques that are	reducing the intrinsic reproductive rate of
	outside the scope of this paper) by release	the female population. Density dependent
	of mosquitoes carrying homing endonuclease	mortality is considered for larvae.
	genes (HEG). Determined the number of
	individual HEGs targeting essential mosquito
	genes required at various mosquito
	reproductive numbers with various homing
	rates to eliminate a mosquito population.
[37] Thailayil et al. 2011	Models release size of spermless An. gambiae	Differential equation model with no explicit
	(EBS) males required at differing rates of	time latency between generations. The
	occurrences where females mate more than	adult female population separated into
	once. Very low levels of remating events were	females who have not mated; mated and
	found to have significant negative effects on	fertile; mated; and infertile. Population
	the ability to control the mosquito population.	persistence was described in terms of the model coefficients.
[48] Dumont and Tchuenche 2011	Found it more effective to have small and	Extensive system of equations which
	frequent releases of EBS males over large	captures population and compartmental
	infrequent releases. Also EBS works better	dynamics.
	when carried out with a larval habitat control
	program (mechanical control).
[49] Lee et al. 2013	Modelled EBS & LBS in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes	Difference equation model similar to [22]
	under endemic and emerging outbreak	but look at an endemic case and emerging
	scenarios. Evaluated various release and	outbreak of mosquito populations.
	intervention-region sizes. Found EBS was
	always more effective than EBS, though the the
	magnitude varied by situation.

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