Assessment of molecular markers for anti-malarial drug resistance after the introduction and scale-up of malaria control interventions in western Kenya

Table 4 Haplotypes for dhfr and dhps resistance markers combined at the 2007 survey in western Kenya, by study area

SP haplotype ^a	*dhfr 51*	*dhfr 59*	*dhfr 108*	*dhfr 164*	*dhps 436*	*dhps 437*	*dhps 540*	No. mutations	Asembo, N (%) (n = 17)	Gem, N (%) (n = 32)	Karemo, N (%) (n = 25)
Wild type	N aat	C tgt	S agc	I ata	S tct	A gct	K aaa
Mutant	I att	R cgt	N aac	L tta	A gct	G ggt	E gaa
	I	R	N	I	S	A	K	3	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4)
	N	R	N	I	S	G	E	4	2 (12)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	I	C	N	I	S	G	E	4	3 (18)	6 (19)	5 (20)
	I	R	N	I	S	G	K	4	0 (0)	1 (3)	0 (0)
	I	R	N	I	S	A	E	4	1 (6)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	I	R	N	I	S	G	E	5	11 (65)	23 (72)	19 (76)
	I	C	N	L	S	G	E	5	0 (0)	1 (3)	0 (0)
	I	R	N	I	A	G	E	6	0 (0)	1 (3)	0 (0)

Note. SP = sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; No. = number. Wild type amino acids are shown in normal font, while mutated amino acids are depicted in bold font. All samples were single infection for the microsatellite marker poly-α.
^aThe construction of the SP haplotype included dhfr-50, 51, 59, 108, 164 and dhps-436, 437, 540, 581, 613. All samples coded for wild type C at dhfr-50, A at dhps-581, and A at dhps-613.

ISSN: 1475-2875