Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratory test characteristics and adjusted odds ratios measuring the associations between malaria infection and risk factors in pregnant women 1, 2, 3

From: Interactions between malaria and HIV infections in pregnant women: a first report of the magnitude, clinical and laboratory features, and predictive factors in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo

Characteristics

Malaria infected pregnant women

 

Overall n (%) (N = 332)

Malaria-positive (%) (N = 246)

COR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

P

Maternal age (years)

     

<20

21 (6.4%)

14 (66.7%)

1

 

0.6

20–24

75 (22.7%)

58 (77.3%)

1.7 (0.6-4.9)

  

> = 25

234 (70.9%)

173 (73.9%)

1.4 (0.5-3.7)

  

Number of previous pregnancies

     

Primigravidae

77 (23.3%)

56 (72.7%)

1

  

Multigravidae

253 (76.7%)

189 (74.7%)

0.8 (0.4-1.4)

 

0.3

Number of children

     

<3

182 (56.2%)

126 (69.2%)

1

1

 

≥3

142 (43.8%)

113 (79.6%)

1.7 (1.1-2.9)

1.9 (1.1-3.3)

0.04

Abortion

     

No abortion

97 (29.2%)

70 (72.2%)

1

  

Abortion

235 (70.8%)

176 (74.9%)

1.2 (0.7-2.0)

 

0.6

Trimester of visit

     

First-trimester

163 (49.1%)

122 (74.8%)

1

 

0.7

Second-trimester

88 (26.5%)

65 (73.9%)

1.2 (0.7-2.4)

  

Third-trimester

81 (24.4%)

59 (72.8%)

1.1 (0.6-2.3)

  

District of Kinshasa

     

Semi-urban for Amba

21 (6.3%)

13 (61.9%)

1

 

0.01

Urban for Funa

219 (66.0%)

173 (79.0%)

2.3 (1.2-5.9)

  

Rural for Lukunga

92 (27.7%)

60 (65.2%)

1.2 (0.4-3.1)

  

Occupation

     

Others with income

37 (11.2%)

19 (51.4%)

1

1

 

Housewives without income

294 (88.8%)

226 (76.9%)

3.1 (1.6-6.3)

3.3 (1.5-6.5)

0.005

Marital status

     

Single women as parents of soldiers

50 (15.4%)

 

1

  

Married spouses of soldiers

275 (84.6%)

209 (76.0%)

1.8 (0.9-3.4)

 

0.07

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

     

≥2500 g

213 (64.3%)

    

<2500 g

118 (35.7%)

113 (44.9%)

  

<0.001

Examination findings

     

Anaemia (haemoglobin < 11 g/dL), %

106 (31.9%)

76 (71.7%)

0.5 (0.4-1.4)

  

Fever

123 (38.0%)

92 (73.0%)

0.9 (0.6-1.5)

 

0.7

Body aches

38 (11.5%)

25 (65.8%)

0.6 (0.3-1.3)

 

0.2

Headaches

49 (18.8%)

37 (75.5%)

1.1 (0.5-2.2)

 

0.8

Digestive disorders

8 (2.4%)

6 (75.0%)

1.1 (0.2-5.3)

 

0.9

Nausea and vomiting

25 (7.5%)

18 (72.0%)

0.9 (0.3-2.2)

 

0.8

Respiratory infection

132 (39.8%)

9 (75.0%)

0.8 (0.5-1.4)

 

0.6

Bleeding

23 (6.9%)

18 (78.3%)

1.3 (0.4-3.6)

 

0.6

Urinary tract infection

223 (67.2%)

156 (70.0%)

0.5 (0.3-0.8)

0.5 (0.3-0.9)

0.04

Gastritis

24 (7.2%)

18 (75.0%)

1.1 (0.4-2.7)

 

0.9

  1. 1CI = confidence interval; COR = Crude odds ratios; AOR = Adjusted odds ratios. 2Factors included in the logistic regression model were: age, marital status, occupation, urinary tract infection and HIV status. 3All P-values were estimated through Wald tests in adjusted logistic regression models. The model included both Malaria-infected and uninfected pregnant women, adjusting for other predictors.
Back to article page

Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

Contact us