Clinical profile of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in low and unstable malaria transmission settings of Colombia

Table 5 Frequency of complications in malaria patients

Criteria	*P. falciparum*	*P. vivax*	p value ^a
Criteria	n (%)	n (%)	p value ^a
One complication	43	42
Hepatic dysfunction (TB >3 mg/dL)	8 (15.1)	12 (26.1)	ns
Hepatic dysfunction (ALT > 120 U/L)	12 (22.6)	2 (4.3)	0.001
Renal dysfunction (serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL or BUN > 40 mg/dL)	7 (13.2)	7 (15.2)	ns
Prostration	6 (11.3)	5 (10.9)	ns
Haemoglobinuria (urine dipstick)	1 (1.9)	9 (19.6)	0.005
Respiratory distress	1 (1.9)	3 (6.5)	ns
Hyperparasitaemia (>50,000 asexual parasites/μL)	3 (5.7)	1 (2.2)	ns
Abnormal spontaneous bleeding	3 (5.7)	0 (0.0)	NA
Severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dL)	1 (1.9)	2 (4.3)	ns
Cardiogenic shock/systolic dysfunction (SBP < 70 mm Hg)	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NA
Severe thrombocytopaenia (≤20,000 platelets/μL)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)	NA
More than one complication	10	4
Hyperparasitaemia plus
Severe thrombocytopaenia	2 (3.8)	0 (0.0)	NA
Hepatic dysfunction	1 (1.9)	1 (2.2)	ns
Renal dysfunction	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NA
Respiratory distress	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NA
Severe anaemia	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NA
Haemoglobinuria	0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)	NA
Hepatic dysfunction plus
Prostration	2 (3.8)	0 (0.0)	NA
Severe thrombocytopaenia	1 (2.2)	0 (0.0)	NA
Renal dysfunction	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NA
Renal dysfunction plus
Prostration	0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)	NA
Abnormal spontaneous bleeding	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NA

^ap value using the Fisher’s exact test. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Hb, haemoglobin; NA, not applicable; ns, not significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TB, total bilirubin. Most frequent and significant data are highlighted in bold.

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