Cost-effectiveness of malaria diagnosis using rapid diagnostic tests compared to microscopy or clinical symptoms alone in Afghanistan

Table 1 Effects of malaria diagnostic methods on appropriately treated patients in two regions of Afghanistan, 2009

	Moderate transmission region		Low transmission region
			Area with microscopes		Area without microscopes
Effects	Microscopy arm	RDT arm	Microscopy arm	RDT arm	Clinical arm	RDT arm
Fever patients suspected of malaria (N)	1,983	2,028	515	523	321	325
Of which suffering from (%)^#:
vivax malaria	21.9	19.5	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.0
falciparum malaria	3.8	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mixed vivax-falciparum infections	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-malarial febrile illness	74.3	77.0	99.0	99.6	100.0	100.0
Effect:
Patients appropriately treated (N)	1,512	1,696	393	420	40	212
Patients appropriately treated (%)	76.2	83.6	76.3	80.3	12.5	65.2
Adjusted^& odds ratio	1	1.70^**	1	1.73^*	1	92.7^**
(95% CI)	(1.30; 2.23)		(1.08; 2.78)			(12.4; 694.1)

^# According to the malaria reference diagnosis.
^& Adjusted odds ratio using three level model, adjusted for fixed effect of patient’s age and clinic type (in moderate transmission region) and random effects of clinician (within clinics) and clinic (between clinics).
^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.001.
Source: [3].

ISSN: 1475-2875