Figure 4

Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance alleles in the coast (a) and in highlands (b) of Madagascar. pfcrt and pfmdr1 mutations are associated with chloroquine resistance, dhfr and dhps mutaions with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. The white bars indicate the proportion of samples with wild-type allele, the black bars the proportion samples with mutant allele and the grey bars the proportion samples with both alleles. In brackets, N represents the number of Plasmodium falciparum samples able to be genotyped by PCR-RFLP for each study sites.