Fig. 4
From: The evidence for improving housing to reduce malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of the association between modern housing and clinical malaria. Pooled effects from random-effects meta-analyses for crude (1°2°1; 1°2°3) and adjusted (1°2°2; 1°2°4) results are shown. Studies are divided into sub-groups by study design. Error bars show 95 % CIs; df = degrees of freedom. 1. Danis-Lozano 2007 MEX: House constructed with non-perishable vs perishable materials; 2. Danis-Lozano 2007 MEX: House constructed with non-perishable vs perishable materials (OR adjusted for occupation, village); 3. Liu 2014 TZA: Highest quintile of housing index compared to lowest quintile (based on roof, wall and floor material and presence of ceiling, eaves, screening); 4. Peterson 2009a ETH: Medium or good vs poor house construction; 5. Peterson 2009b ETH: Good vs poor house construction; 6. Liu 2014 TZA: Highest quintile of housing index compared to lowest quintile (based on roof, wall and floor material and presence of ceiling, eaves, screening) (RR adjusted for age, mother's education, wealth index, prophylaxis, socio-economic status, urban site, intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) trial arm); 7. Peterson 2009b ETH: Good vs poor house construction (RR adjusted for ITNs, vegetation, temperature, rainfall, larval densities); 8. Wanzirah 2015 UGA: Modern (cement, wood or metal wall; tiled or metal roof and closed eaves) vs traditional (RR adjusted for age, gender, study site, household wealth)