From: The evidence for improving housing to reduce malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Outcomes | Summary of findings | Quality of the evidence | Overall quality of the evidence (GRADE) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative effect (95Â % CI) | No. participants (studies) | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | ||
Malaria infection: Case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies (crude OR) | OR 0°46 (0°33–0°62) | 22,700 (9 studies) | Serious1 | No serious inconsistency2 | No serious indirectness3 | No serious imprecision4 | Undetected5 | LOW1,2,3,4,5,6,7 due to risk of bias, large effect |
Malaria infection: Case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies (adjusted OR) | OR 0°53 (0°42–0°67) | 3949 (5 studies) | Serious1 | No serious inconsistency8 | No serious indirectness9 | No serious imprecision4 | Undetected5 | VERY LOW1,4,5,7,8,9,10 due to risk of bias |
Clinical malaria: Case–control and cross-sectional studies (crude OR) | OR 0°32 (0°19–0°54) | 357 (1 study) | Serious1 | No serious inconsistency11 | Serious12 | No serious imprecision4 | Undetected13 | VERY LOW1,4,6,7,11,12,13 due to risk of bias, indirectness, large effect |
Clinical malaria: Case–control and cross-sectional studies (adjusted OR) | OR 0°35 (0°20–0°62) | 357 (1 study) | Serious1 | No serious inconsistency11 | Serious12 | No serious imprecision4 | Undetected13 | VERY LOW1,4,6,7,11,12,13 due to risk of bias, indirectness, large effect |
Clinical malaria: Cohort studies (crude RR) | RR 0°22 (0°14–0°35) | 1653 (3 studies) | Serious1 | No serious inconsistency14 | Serious15 | No serious imprecision4 | Undetected13 | LOW1,4,7,13,14,15,16 due to risk of bias, indirectness, large effect |
Clinical malaria: Cohort studies (adjusted RR) | RR 0°55 (0°36–0°84) | 2237 (3 studies) | Serious1 | No serious inconsistency17 | Serious15 | No serious imprecision4 | Undetected13 | VERY LOW1,4,13,15,17,18 due to risk of bias, indirectness |