Independent variables | Unmatched data | Propensity score matched data | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Category | Blood smear positive [n = 468 (24.7%)] | Blood smear negative [n = 1430 (74.9%)] | Test statistic (p-valuea) | Blood smear positive [n = 367 (27.7%)] | Blood smear negative [n = 958 (72.3%)] | Test statistic (p-value) |
Region* | Northern | 60 (9.3%) | 266(15.4%) | χ2 = 3.64 (0.01) | 47 (9.6%) | 176 (15.4%) | χ2 = 3.27 (0.015) |
Central | 234 (53.3%) | 525 (38.0%) | 181 (51.4%) | 348 (36.6%) | |||
Southern | 174 (37.4%) | 639 (46.6%) | 139 (39.0%) | 434 (48.1%) | |||
Type of place of residence | Urban | 54 (5.0%) | 468 (16.4%) | χ2 = 9.82 (<0.01) | 48 (5.9%) | 278 (14.3%) | χ2 = 5.96 (0.003) |
Rural | 414 (95.0%) | 962 (83.6%) | 319 (94.1%) | 680 (85.7%) | |||
Cluster altitude (km) | Mean ± SE | 0.90 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.03 | t = −0.49 (0.623) | 0.90 ± 0.03 | 0.88 ± 0.03 | t = −0.43 (0.667) |
Position of child in household | 1 | 254 (54.1%) | 973 (68.0%) | χ2 = 11.17 (<0.01) | 224 (59.8%) | 723 (74.3%) | χ2 = 7.20 (<0.001) |
2 | 153 (32.6%) | 297 (20.2%) | 135 (38.1%) | 217 (24.0%) | |||
3 | 61 (13.3%) | 160 (11.8%) | 8 (2.1%) | 18 (1.7%) | |||
Mother’s highest education level* | None | 415 (88.9%) | 949 (73.1%) | χ2 = 7.30 (< 0.01) | 329 (89.6%) | 700 (78.8%) | χ2 = 3.54 (0.012) |
Primary | 47 (9.9%) | 361 (21.5%) | 34 (9.3%) | 221 (18.9%) | |||
Secondary | 6 (1.2%) | 120 (5.4%) | 4 (1.1%) | 37 (2.3%) | |||
Mother has heard of malaria | No | 47 (10.5%) | 62 (4.9%) | χ2 = 4.27 (0.02) | 38 (11.0%) | 50 (5.9%) | χ2 = 3.09 (0.048) |
Yes | 421 (89.5%) | 1,368 (95.1%) | 329 (89.0%) | 908 (94.1%) | |||
Child’s age in months* | Mean ± SE | 34.79 ± 0.56 | 31.25 ± 0.40 | t = −5.08 (<0.001) | 34.7 ± 0.64 | 31.7 ± 0.52 | t = −3.60 (<0.001) |
Child’s altitude adjusted haemoglobin level | Mean ± SE | 9.2 ± 0.96 | 10.4 ± 0.56 | t = 11.90 (<0.01) | 9.2 ± 0.91 | 10.3 ± 0.63 | t = 10.7 (<0.001 |
Wealth index score* | Mean ± SE | −5.58 ± 0.25 | −2.47 ± 0.32 | t = 8.05 (< 0.01) | −5.68 ± 0.35 | −3.56 ± 0.36 | t = 6.41 (<0.001) |
Children under 5 slept under mosquito bed net last night* | No | 206 (41.3%) | 488 (34.1%) | χ2 = 1.89 (0.15) | 184 (47.4%) | 481 (48.8%) | χ2 = 0.36 (0.691) |
Yes | 262 (58.7%) | 942 (65.9%) | 183 (52.6%) | 477 (51.2%) | |||
Time in hours to get to water source* | Mean ± SE | 5.23 ± 0.52 | 6.63 ± 0.47 | t = 2.71 (< 0.01) | 5.05 ± 0.55 | 6.18 ± 0.49 | t = 1.92 (0.057) |