Table 6 Plasma cytokine levels at enrolment of Beninese children, in relation to host and parasite characteristics
From: Immunoglobulin response to Plasmodium falciparum RESA proteins in uncomplicated and severe malaria
Group (n) | IFN-γ | TNF-α | IL-10 |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical groups | |||
SM (54) | 10.4 (3.1–30.9)a | 23.5 (0.0–142.5) | 34.2 (16.0–66.9) |
UM (48) | 5.3 (0.0–39.5) | 0.0 (0.0–8.2) | 45.9 (24.9–78.0) |
P b | 0.37 | 0.004 | 0.28 |
Antibody responder groups | |||
Group A (33) | 8.3 (2.1–31.3) | 0.0 (0.0–88.3) | 36.5 (23.7–90.0) |
Group B (31) | 5.2 (2.1–27.5) | 0.0 (0.0–125.4) | 43.7 (15.4–64.6) |
Group C (38) | 10.3 (3.1–33.0) | 0.0 (0.0–92.5) | 34.2 (14.1–64.3) |
P | 0.70 | 0.98 | 0.64 |
P2—positive response (38) | 10.3 (3.1–33.0) | 0.0 (0.0–92.5) | 34.2 (14.1–64.3) |
P2—negative response (64) | 6.0 (2.0–31.3) | 0.0 (0.0–90.2) | 42.2 (19.5–78.0) |
P | 0.42 | 0.99 | 0.66 |
rRESA-1B—positive response (55) | 9.9 (3.0–35.1) | 0.0 (0.0–109.9) | 42.7 (16.9–64.2) |
rRESA-1B—negative response (47) | 7.4 (2.0–19.6) | 0.0 (0.0–69.6) | 34.9 (18.7–87.0) |
P | 0.20 | 0.72 | 0.99 |
rRESA-3B—positive response (42) | 5.0 (2.0–27.8) | 0.0 (0.0 37.9) | 39.1 (15.4–63.8) |
rRESA-3B—negative response (60) | 9.8 (3.0–36.9) | 0.0 (0.0–134.1) | 38.7 (19.4–72.0) |
P | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.75 |
HbAA (82) | 9.1 (2.4–30.9) | 0.0 (0.0–85.1) | 41.4 (18.0–79.4) |
HbAS or HbSS (10) | 12.6 (2.2–36.1) | 0.0 (0.0–503.4) | 37.2 (16.4–56.8) |
HbAC or HbCC (10) | 6.5 (2.7–29.8) | 0.0 (0.0–60.9) | 35.7 (19.1–52.8) |
P | 0.99 | 0.42 | 0.69 |
resa2 T1526G allele W (86) | 9.1 (2.2–29.8) | 0.0 (0.00–68.41) | 35.2 (17.5–65.1) |
resa2 T1526G allele WM (6) | 37.3 (2.7–86.4) | 46.0 (15.2–200.3) | 98.3 (70.4–176.8) |
resa2 T1526G allele M (10) | 9.6 (2.5–34.5) | 32.0 (0.0–116.4) | 24.7 (12.2–83.5) |
P | 0.68 | 0.34 | 0.02 |