Table 1 Urban and architectural features in indigenous Amazonian settlements likely favouring malaria transmission
Urban and architectural risk factors for malaria in indigenous Amazonian settlements | ||
|---|---|---|
Category | Risk factors | Description |
Number of households and dimensions | Collective household Nucleated village | Confined dwellers favor the spreading of infective mosquitoes and increase the chances of uninfected mosquitoes to acquire the human infective sexual stages |
Supporting area | Houseboat Poor urban drainage | Establishment of breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes close to houses, increasing man-vector contact |
Openings | Cover with large openings Open eaves Permeable walls and floors open-side household | Houses become permissive for Anopheles mosquitoes entry, increasing man-vector contact, and ineffectiveness of vector control measures |
Materials | Natural materials | These materials promotes high number of indoor resting malaria vectors, increasing man-vector contact |
Lifespan | Temporary-ephemeral household | Light-weight and incomplete houses conducive to stimulate malaria vector entry |
Location | Village on stream bank Water village Village in anthropogenic area | Landscapes modified by man action and water courses are propitious environments for Anopheles breeding sites, nearby villages are conducive for man-vector contact |
Other | Water storage/vegetable gardens/trash areas near household Poor state of sanitation facilities | High attractiveness of Anopheles mosquitoes to settlements and establishment of resting sites close to houses, increasing man-vector contact |