The influence of host genetics on erythrocytes and malaria infection: is there therapeutic potential?

Lelliott, Patrick M; McMorran, Brendan J; Foote, Simon J; Burgio, Gaetan

doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0809-x

Table 1 Erythrocyte disorders and the possible mechanisms by which they protect against malaria

From: The influence of host genetics on erythrocytes and malaria infection: is there therapeutic potential?

Erythrocyte disorder	Malaria susceptibility	Invasion	Growth	Cytoadherence	Erythrocyte senescence	References
Sickle cell trait (HbAS)	↓	↓ (Low oxygen) or normal	↓ (Low oxygen)	↓	↑	[61, 68–70, 104, 122, 125]
Sickle cell disease (HbSS)	↓	↓ (Low oxygen) or ↑	↓ (Low oxygen)	↓	Unknown	[61, 70, 104]
HbAC	↓	Normal	↓	↓	Unknown	[68, 69, 105]
HbCC	↓	Normal	↓	↓	Unknown	[61–63, 69, 105]
HbAE	↓	↓	Normal	Unknown	Unknown	[178]
HbEE	Unclear	Normal	↓ or normal	Unknown	Unknown	[64]
α⁺ thalassaemia (−α/αα)	↓	Normal	↓ (High oxygen)	↓	Normal	[27, 65, 106]
α⁰ thalassaemia (−/αα)	↓	↓ or normal	↓ or normal	↓	Unknown	[106]
HbH thalassaemia (−/−α)	↓	↓ or normal	↓	↓	↑	[66, 67, 106, 122]
β⁰ thalassaemia (−/β)	Unclear	Normal	↓ (High oxygen)	Unknown	↑	[65, 122]
G6PD deficiency	↓	Normal	↓or normal	Unknown	↑	[3, 129–131]
PK deficiency	Unknown	↓	Normal	Unknown	↑	[133]
Duffy negativity	↓ (In P. vivax)	↓ (in P. vivax)	Normal	Unknown	Unknown	[9–11]
ABO blood group	↓ (O type) ↑ (A and AB type)	Normal	Normal	Unknown	↑ (For O type)	[135, 136]
CR1 deficiency	Unclear	↓	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[25–27]
GYPA deficiency	Unknown	↓	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[17, 18, 20]
GYPB deficiency	Unknown	↓	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[21, 24]
GYPC deficiency	Unclear	↓	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[23]
Basigin deficiency	Unknown	↓	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[28]
CD55 deficiency	Unknown	↓	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[31]
Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO)	↓	↓	Normal	↑	Unknown	[37, 45, 48, 49, 51, 107]
Hereditary elliptocytosis	Unknown	↓ or normal	↓	Unknown	Unknown	[54, 58, 59]
Hereditary spherocytosis	Unknown	↓ or normal	↓	Unknown	Unknown	[57, 59]
Erythropoietic protoporphyria	Unknown	Unknown	↓	Unknown	Unknown	[84]

↓ Decreased, ↑increased. “Malaria susceptibility” refers to evidence for an association with reduced risk of severe or uncomplicated malaria. “Growth” refers to the ability of an individual parasite to replicate and egress from the erythrocyte. Studies performed with P. falciparum unless otherwise indicated.

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