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Table 5 Inhibitory activity of ethylacetate phase fractions from Vernonia amygdalina leaves against early sporogonic stages

From: Plasmodium transmission blocking activities of Vernonia amygdalina extracts and isolated compounds

Test agents

Experimenta

Mean ESS counts (95% CI)b

Percentage inhibition of ESS (95% CI)

Fraction-2

1

27 (17–37)

0.7 (0–38.2)

3

80 (70–90)

16.0 (5.7–26.4)

4

221 (159–281)

0 (0–27.5)

Fraction-3

1

27 (20–33)

2.0 (0–25.6)

3

93 (77–109)

2.8 (0–19.8)

4

186 (128–245)

14.9 (0–41.7)

Fraction-5

1

29 (25–33)

0.0 (0–6.8)

3

40 (25–56)

57.8 (42.0–73.7)

4

215 (149–281)

1.8 (0–32.1)

Fraction-7

1

23 (13–33)

15.4 (0–51.0)

3

98 (84–113)

0 (0–12.2)

4

224 (211–238)

0 (0–3.7)

Fraction-9

1

31 (19–42)

0.0 (0–29.7)

3

57 (51–63)

40.4 (34.2–46.7)

4

195 (160–229)

11.1 (0–26.8)

Fraction-10

1

19 (10–27)

31.4 (0–63.7)

2

6 (4–8)

56.1 (26.2–86.0)

3

71 (57–84)

26.3 (12.5–40.1)

4

187 (161–213)

14.8 (3.0–26.6)

Fraction-11

1

1 (0–2)

96.3 (92.2–100)

2

0

100

3

0 (0–1)

99.7 (99–100)

4

1 (0–1)

99.7 (99.4–100)

5

0

100

Fraction-12

1

0

100

2

1 (0–2)

95.1 (85.6–100)

3

0 (0–1)

99.7 (99–100)

4

1 (0–2)

99.7 (99.1–100)

5

0 (0–1)

99.8 (99.3–100)

Fraction-13

1

0

100

2

0 (0–1)

97.6 (92.8–100)

3

0

100

4

0 (0–1)

99.8 (99.5–100)

5

1 (0–2)

99.5 (98.5–100)

Fraction-14

1

0

100

2

1 (0–2)

92.7 (84.4–100)

3

0

100

4

0

100

5

0

100

Solvent control (0.2% DMSO)

1

27 (22–33)

 

2

14 (9–19)

 

3

96 (85–106)

 

4

219 (198–240)

 

5

135 (111–158)

 
  1. Fractions from ethylacetate phase were tested at 50 µg/mL concentration.
  2. Data are presented as mean early sporogonic stages (ESS) counts calculated from triplicate wells and percentages of ESS inhibition referred to solvent control. Both parameters are presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI.)
  3. aEach number represents one experiment conducted with gametocytaemic blood from a different mouse.
  4. bMean ESS counts are rounded to the nearest whole number.