Table 1 Summary of integrated vector management (IVM) approach [9, 20, 53]
From: A systematic, realist review of zooprophylaxis for malaria control
Integrated vector management approach | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Method | Chemical | Biological | Environmental management | ||
Definition | Reduce the vector population by killing larvae or adult vectors with insecticides (e.g., DDT) | Using natural predators or pathogens of vector species | Disrupting vectoral habitat to reduce human-vector interaction and/or vector reproduction and survival | ||
Sub-type | – | – | Modification of human habitats and behaviours | Environmental manipulation | Environmental modification |
Sub-type definition | – | – | Locating human habitats and changing behaviour to reduce vector-host contact | Long term change to physical environment to prevent vector habitats | Temporary change to physical environment to prevent larval development |
Examples | Indoor residual spraying Space spraying | Larvivorous fish Nematodes Bacteria | Sleeping under bed nets Placing human settlements away from vector breeding sites Screening doors and windows Zooprophylaxis | Wetland and marsh drainage Ditch filling | Tree planting |