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Table 4 Socio-economic and demographic characteristics significantly associated with access to prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug among children under five

From: Prompt access to effective malaria treatment among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of national household survey data

Country

Variable significantly associated with prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug

Category with highest percentage of children who received prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug

 

Variable

p value

Category

% (95% CI)

A

B

C

D

E

Angola

Relationship to the head of household

0.032

Grandchild

64.2 (55.3–73.2)

Education level of the mother

0.029

Secondary and above

68.1 (60.7–75.6)

Region of residence (endemicity)

0.032

Mesoendemica estavel

67.4 (61.0–75.6)

Place of residence

0.042

Urban

62.6 (57.9–67.3)

Wealth quintiles

0.030

Lowest

67.5 (54.3–80.6)

Benin

Education level of the mother

<0.0001

Secondary and above

85.2 (79.4–91.0)

Region of residence

<0.0001

Littoral

91.0 (85.6–96.1)

Place of residence

<0.0001

Urban

84.5 (81.9–87.1)

Wealth quintiles

<0.0001

Highest

84.1 (80.0–88.1)

Ethiopiaa

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Ghana

Child’s sex

0.049

Male

59.4 (50.5–68.3)

Region of residence

<0.0001

Upper east

87.0 (72.9–100.0)

Kenya

Age of the mother

0.043

20–29 years

53.0 (45.3–60.6)

Education level of the mother

0.008

Secondary and above

66.5 (54.3–78.7)

Region of residence

<0.0001

Central province

86.0 (63.0–100.0)

Wealth quintiles

0.023

Fourth

65.5 (51.4–79.6)

Liberia

Place of residence

0.025

Rural

65.6 (61.0–70.0)

Wealth quintiles

<0.0001

Lowest

69.8 (63.6–75.9)

Madagascar

Region of residence

<0.0001

n/ab

n/a

Malawi

Relationship to the head of household

0.033

Child

75.5 (69.4–81.6)

Malia

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Mozambique

Age of the mother

<0.0001

20–29 years

79.1 (73.1–85.1)

Region of residence

<0.0001

Tete

99.7 (74.3–100.0)

Rwanda

Wealth quintiles

0.051c

Highest

81.1 (64.6–97.6)

Senegal

Child’s sex

0.046

Female

84.0 (75.1–92.9)

Tanzania mainland

Child’s age

0.056c

24–59 months

73.0 (68.0–77.0)

Region of residence

<0.0001

Mtwara

96.4 (89.6–100.0)

Uganda

Region of residence

<0.0001

Karamoja

81.1 (75.0–87.1)

Place of residence

0.039

Urban

68.6 (63.6–73.6)

Zambia

Education level of the mother

0.007

Secondary and above

65.7 (56.2–75.2)

Region of residence

<0.0001

Southern

78.9 (66.5–91.3)

Wealth quintiles

<0.0001

Fourth

66.8 (56.9–76.8)

Zanzibara

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

  1. p values (column C) indicate that the corresponding variable (column B) is significantly associated with prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug; categories in column D are those that have the highest proportion of children who received prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug for each corresponding variable in column B
  2. 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval, N number of children
  3. aData on time to treatment was not available
  4. bRegion of residence is significantly associated with prompt treatment with any anti-malarial drug; however, the number of children for each of the 20 regions is fewer than 30, so percentages were not computed
  5. cAlthough these values are p > 0.05, they were included because they show borderline significance