Non-invasive surveillance for Plasmodium in reservoir macaque species

Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity, and false negative rate of each primer set in faecal samples

	Number of faecal samples	PCR + in paired blood sample	1 PCR run			2 PCR runs
	Number of faecal samples	PCR + in paired blood sample	Sensitivity^a	Specificity	FNR^b	Sensitivity	Specificity	FNR
ssrRNA	32	30	96.7 % (83.3–99.4 %)	100 %	0.03	NA	NA	NA
cytb-a	64	34	29.4 % (16.8–46.2 %)	100 %	0.71	29.4 % (19.9–41.2 %)	100 %	0.71
cytb-b	64	34	29.4 % (16.8–46.2 %)	100 %	0.71	23.5 % (14.9–35.0 %)	100 %	0.76
cytb-c	64	34	41.2 % (26.4–57.8 %)	100 %	0.59	41.2 % (30.2–53.0 %)	100 %	0.59

^aThe sensitivity is the percentage of infected macaques that are positive by PCR from faecal samples. 95% confidence intervals (CI) are given in parenthesis
^bFNR is the false negative rate, or the number of false negatives divided by the sum of false negatives and true positives