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Table 4 Species specific sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of microscopy compared with HVUSqPCR parasite detection

From: The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailand–Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

 

qPCR pos micro pos

qPCR pos micro neg

qPCR neg micro neg

qPCR neg micro pos

Total

Sensitivity (95 % CI)

Specificity (95 % CI)

Positive predictive value (95 % CI)

Negative predictive value (95 % CI)

Pf

 All sites

62

144

4616

5

4827

30 % (24–37 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

93 % (83–98 %)

97 % (96–97 %)

 Cam

0

36

1410

1

1447

0 % (0–10 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

0 % (0–10 %)

98 % (97–98 %)

 TMBA

37

61

1418

1

1517

38 % (28–48 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

98 % (86–100 %)

96 % (95–97 %)

 Viet

25

47

1788

3

1863

35 % (24–47 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

89 % (72–98 %)

97 % (97–98 %)

Pv

 All sites

141

262

4411

13

4827

35 % (30–40 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

92 % (86–95 %)

94 % (94–95 %)

 Cam

7

45

1395

0

1447

14 % (6–26 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

100 % (59–100 %)

97 % (96–98 %)

 TMBA

99

149

1264

5

1517

40 % (34–46 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

95 % (89–98 %

89 % (89–91 %)

 Viet

35

68

1752

8

1863

34 % (25–44 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

81 % (67–92 %)

96 % (95–97 %)

P. spp

 All sites

13

391

3864

1

4269

3 % (2–5 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

93 % (66–100 %)

91 % (90–92 %)

 Cam

0

145

1218

0

1363

0 % (0–0.3 %)

100 % (97–100 %)

NA

89 % (88–91 %)

 TMBA

6

175

1009

0

1190

3 % (1–7 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

100 % (54–100 %)

85 % (83–87 %)

 Viet

7

71

1637

1

1716

9 % (4–18 %)

100 % (99–100 %)

88 % (47–100 %)

96 % (95–97 %)

  1. HVUSqPCR, high volume ultra-sensitive real time polymerase chain reaction; Pf, Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium falciparum mixed infection; Pv, Plasmodium vivax; P. spp., Plasmodium species not identified by HVUSqPCR compared against any Plasmodium infection detected by RDT; Cam, Cambodia; TMBA, Thailand–Myanmar border areas; qPCR pos, positive (species specific); qPCR neg, negative; NA, not applicable