Table 3 Prevalence of P. falciparum infection according to the reported use of IPTp and/or cotrimoxazole

P. falciparum infection (PCR)

 %, No.

13.8 (8/58)

9.6 (53/552)

3.7 (2/54)

0 (0/24)

5.0 (2/40)

 OR (95 % CI), P

Ref.

0.66 (0.3–1.6), P = 0.31

0.24 (0.0–1.3), P = 0.10

0 (0.0–1.4), P = 0.10

0.33 (0.0–1.8), P = 0.19

Placental parasitaemia

 %, No.

4.0 (2/50)

4.7 (24/515)

2.0 (1/51)

0 (0/23)

0 (0/37)

 OR (95 % CI), P

Ref.

1.17 (0.3–10.5), P = 1.0

0.48 (0.0–9.6), P = 0.62

0.0 (0.0–11.7), P = 1.0

0.0 (0.0–7.2), P = 0.51

Maternal anaemia

 %, No.

26.4 (14/53)

27.4 (145/529)

38.0 (19/50)

26.1 (6/23)

43.2 (16/37)

 OR (95 % CI), P

Ref.

1.05 (0.5–2.1), P = 0.88

1.71 (0.7–4.3), P = 0.21

0.98 (0.3–3.3), P = 0.98

2.12 (0.8–5.7), P = 0.10

Low birth weight

 %, No.

13.8 (8/58)

9.5 (51/535)

9.3 (5/54)

8.3 (2/24)

7.9 (3/38)

 OR (95 % CI), P

Ref.

0.66 (0.3–1.6), P = 0.3

0.64 (0.2–2.4), P = 0.45

0.57 (0.1–3.2), P = 0.72

0.54 (0.1–2.5), P = 0.52

Preterm delivery

 %, No.

10.7 (6/56)

11.4 (61/534)

17.0 (9/53)

13.0 (3/23)

12.8 (5/39)

 OR (95 % CI), P

Ref.

1.07 (0.4–3.2), P = 0.87

1.70 (0.5–6.3); P = 0.34

1.25 (0.2–6.6), P = 0.71

1.23 (0.3–5.3), P = 0.76