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Table 5 Associations between other factors with school performance in test scores of mathematics/Thai Language

From: Long-term impact of childhood malaria infection on school performance among school children in a malaria endemic area along the Thai–Myanmar border

Variable

School performance in test score of mathematics/Thai Language

Crude OR

Adjusted OR

Poor (n = 168)

Not poor (n = 289)

History of malaria infection

 Non-malaria infected

117 (36.3)

205 (63.7)

1.00

1.00

 Malaria infected

51 (37.8)

84 (62.2)

1.06 (0.70–1.61)

0.90 (0.56–1.45)

Number of malaria attacks

 0

117 (36.3)

205 (63.7)

1.00

 

 1

25 (26.8)

43 (63.2)

1.02 (0.59–1.75)

 

 >1

168 (26.8)

41 (61.2)

1.11 (0.65–1.91)

 

Age at first malaria infection

 >4 years

26 (35.1)

48 (64.9)

1.00

 

 0–4 years

25 (41.0)

36 (59.0)

1.28 (0.64–2.58)

 

Duration since last malaria attack

 Non-malaria infected

117 (36.3)

205 (63.7)

1.00

 

 ≤2 years

12 (52.2)

11 (47.8)

1.91 (0.81–4.47)

 

 3–4 years

8 (24.2)

25 (75.8)

0.56 (0.24–1.28)

 

 ≥5 years

31 (39.2)

48 (60.8)

1.13 (0.68–1.87)

 

Sex

 Female

48 (21.8)

172 (78.2)

1.00

1.00

 Male

120 (50.6)

117 (49.4)

3.67 (2.44–5.53)

3.38 (2.22–5.17)

Ethnicity

 Thai

28 (33.7)

55 (66.3)

1.00

 

 Karen

140 (37.4)

234 (62.6)

1.17 (0.71–1.94)

 

Age (years)

 12–17 years

67 (31.5)

146 (68.5)

1.00

1.00

 6–11 years

101 (41.4)

143 (58.6)

1.54 (1.04–2.26)

2.04 (1.31–3.18)

Father’s education

 Educated

62 (33.5)

123 (66.5)

1.00

 

 Uneducated

106 (39.0)

166 (61.0)

1.27 (0.86–1.87)

 

Mother’s education

 Educated

42 (31.3)

92 (68.7)

1.00

 

 Uneducated

126 (39.0)

197 (61.0)

1.40 (0.91–2.15)

 

Family income per year (baht)

 ≥30,000

47 (31.1)

104 (68.9)

1.00

 

 <30,000

121 (39.5)

185 (60.5)

1.45 (0.96–2.19)

 

Birth weight

 <2500 g

44 (35.8)

79 (64.2)

1.00

 

 ≥2500 g

117 (37.7)

193 (62.3)

1.09 (0.70–1.68)

 

Gestational age

 ≥36 weeks

115 (36.5)

200 (63.5)

1.00

 

 <36 weeks

47 (39.2)

73 (60.8)

1.12 (0.73–1.72)

 

Parasite infection

 Infected

36 (36.7)

62 (63.3)

1.00

 

 None

39 (37.5)

65 (62.5)

1.03 (0.58–1.83)

 

School absenteeism

 <1 week

129 (34.7)

243 (65.3)

1.00

1.00

 ≥1 week

39 (45.9)

46 (54.1)

1.60 (0.99–2.57)

1.72 (1.01–2.92)

Emotional intelligence

 Normal

83 (30.0)

194 (70.0)

1.00

1.00

 Low

85 (47.2)

95 (52.8)

2.09 (1.42–3.09)

2.21 (1.43–3.41)

Nutritional status

 Weight for age

  Non poor nutritional status

146 (36.0)

260 (64.0)

1.00

 

  Poor nutritional status

22 (43.1)

29 (59.9)

1.35 (0.74–2.44)

 

 Height For Age

  Non poor nutritional status

141 (36.0)

251 (64.0)

1.00

 

  Poor nutritional status

27 (41.5)

38 (58.5)

1.26 (0.74–2.16)