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Table 2 Accuracy indices of the RDTs and Field microscopy compared with expert microscopy and PCR to detect any malaria (HRP-2 or pLDH band; P. falciparum or P. vivax)

From: Performance of four HRP-2/pLDH combination rapid diagnostic tests and field microscopy as screening tests for malaria in pregnancy in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

 

Carestartâ„¢

First Response®

Parascreen®

SD Bioline®

Field microscopy

Expert microscopy

Expert microscopy as reference test

TP, FP

20, 8

21, 9

21, 11

22, 8

21, 13

N/A

FN, TN

27, 879

26, 878

26, 876

25, 879

26, 874

Sensitivity (95 % CI)

42.6 (31.5–50.9)

44.7 (33.4–53.5)

44.6 (30.4–59.7)

46.8 (35.6–55.1)

44.7 (32.9–54.9)

Specificity (95 % CI)

99.1 (98.5–99.5)

99.0 (98.4–99.5)

98.7 (97.7–99.3)

99.1 (98.5–99.5)

98.5 (97.9–99.1)

PPV (95 % CI)

71.4 (52.9–85.4)

70.0 (52.3–83.8)

65.6 (46.7–80.8)

73.3 (55.8–86.3)

61.8 (45.5–75.8)

NPV (95 % CI)

97.0 (96.4–97.5)

97.1 (96.5–97.6)

97.1 (95.7–98.0)

97.2 (96.7–86.3)

97.1 (96.5–97.6)

LR positive (95 % CI)

47.2 (21.2–110.3)

44.0 (20.7–97.3)

36.0 (18.4–70.3)

51.9 (23.8–119.4)

30.4 (15.7–59.3)

LR negative (95 % CI)

0.58 (0.49–0.69)

0.56 (0.47–0.67)

0.56 (0.43–0.72)

0.54 (0.45–0.65)

0.56 (0.46–0.68)

DOR (95 % CI)

81.4 (30.5–223.4)

78.7 (30.6–207.9)

64.3 (26.3–168.8)

96.7 (36.4–264.7)

54.3 (27.9–130.1)

PCR as the reference test

TP, FP

16, 12

20, 10

18, 14

17, 13

20, 14

30, 17

FN, TN

46, 860

42, 862

44, 858

45, 859

42, 858

32, 855

Sensitivity (95 % CI)

25.8 (15.8–38.7)

32.3 (21.2–45.4)

29.0 (18.5–42.1)

27.4 (17.2–40.4)

32.2 (17.2–40.4)

48.4 (35.6–61.3)

Specificity (95 % CI)

98.6 (97.5–99.2)

98.8 (97.8–99.4)

98.3 (97.2–99.0)

98.5 (97.3–99.1)

98.3 (97.2–99.0)

98.0 (96.8–98.8)

PPV (95 % CI)

57.1 (37.4–74.9)

66.6 (47.1–82.0)

56.2 (37.8-73.1)

56.6 (37.6–74.0)

58.8 (40.8–74.8)

63.8 (48.4–76.9)

NPV (95 % CI)

94.9 (93.2–96.2)

95.3 (93.7–96.5)

95.1 (93.4–96.3)

95.0 (93.3–96.3)

95.3 (93.6–96.5)

96.3 (94.8–97.4)

LR positive (95 % CI)

18.7 (9.2–37.8)

28.2 (13.7–57.4)

18.8 (9.4–34.6)

18.3 (9.3–36.1)

20.0 (10.6–37.8)

24.8 (14.5–42.4)

LR negative (95 % CI)

0.75 (0.65–0.87)

0.68 (0.57–0.81)

0.72 (0.61–0.84)

0.73 (0.63–0.85)

0.68 (0.57–0.81)

0.52 (0.41–0.69)

DOR (95 % CI)

24.9 (10.4–60.1)

41.0 (16.9–101.2)

25.0 (11.0–57.4)

24.9 (10.7–58.6)

29.1 (12.9–66.1)

47.1 (22.4–100.2)

  1. TP true positive, FP false positive, FN false negative, TN true negative, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, LR likelihood ratio, DOR diagnostic odds ratio