Table 5 Associations of knowledge and behavioural responses with socioeconomic status among 530 community survey participants in eastern Afghanistan
Response variables | Poorera | Wealthiera | OR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 265) | (N = 265) | |||
Primary source of healthcare | ||||
NGO/government health facility | 217 (81.9) | 184 (69.4) | Ref. | Ref. |
Private health facility | 43 (16.2) | 67 (25.3) | 1.84 (1.19–2.82)* | 1.30 (0.77–2.21) |
Traditional/self-treat | 5 (1.9) | 14 (5.3) | – | – |
Attended antenatal services at least once | 228 (86.0) | 228 (86.0) | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 1.38 (0.75–2.54) |
Uses iron/folate supplements | 54 (20.45) | 91 (34.3) | 2.34 (1.55–3.53)* | 1.90 (1.17–3.09)* |
Greatest health concern | ||||
Other | 3 (1.1) | 10 (3.8) | – | – |
Diarrhoea | 18 (6.8) | 14 (5.3) | Ref. | Ref. |
ARI | 12 (4.5) | 21 (7.9) | 0.53 (0.12–2.29) | 0.53 (0.09–3.03) |
Malaria | 232 (87.6) | 220 (83.0) | 0.28 (0.77–1.05) | 0.43 (0.91–2.00) |
How common is malaria | ||||
No malaria/infrequent | 22 (8.3) | 29 (10.9) | Ref. | Ref. |
Common | 243 (91.7) | 236 (89.1) | 0.74 (0.41–1.32) | 0.73 (0.36–1.48) |
Best malaria prevention in pregnancy | ||||
Nothing works | 29 (10.9) | 24 (9.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
ITNs | 212 (80.0) | 219 (82.6) | 1.25 (0.70–2.21) | 1.26 (0.64–2.46) |
Rapid diagnosis/treatment | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | – | – |
Burning/smoke | 8 (3.0) | 9 (3.4) | – | – |
Clean house/area | 15 (5.7) | 12 (4.5) | 0.97 (0.38–2.46) | 0.53 (0.17–1.64) |
Preferred malaria diagnosis | ||||
Self/informal | 31 (11.7) | 48 (18.1) | Ref. | Ref. |
Facility (clinical) | 50 (18.9) | 29 (10.9) | 0.37 (0.20–0.71)* | 0.43 (0.19–0.96)* |
Facility (blood test) | 184 (69.4) | 188 (70.9) | 0.66 (0.40–1.08) | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) |
Preferred malaria treatment | ||||
NGO/government health facility | 214 (80.8) | 198 (74.2) | Ref. | Ref. |
Private health facility/Other | 51 (19.2) | 67 (25.3) | 1.42 (0.94–2.14) | 0.86 (0.51–1.44) |
Would use malaria-preventive drugs in pregnancy | ||||
Never | 232 (87.6) | 204 (77.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes/maybe | 33 (12.5) | 61 (23.0) | 2.10 (1.32–3.34)* | 1.69 (0.98–2.91) |
Why use ITNs | ||||
Avoid mosquitoes | 169 (63.8) | 167 (63.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
Prevent insect bites | 49 (18.5) | 43 (16.2) | 0.89 (0.56–1.41) | 1.15 (0.65–2.02) |
Prevent malaria | 40 (15.1) | 51 (19.3) | 1.29 (0.81–2.06) | 1.92 (1.07–3.43)* |
Other/don’t know | 7 (2.6) | 4 (1.5) | – | – |
ITN-owners only | n = 40 (%) | n = 159 (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Which family members use ITNs | ||||
Nobody/unknown | 11 (27.5) | 41 (25.8) | Ref. | Ref. |
All | 9 (22.5) | 61 (38.4) | 1.82 (0.69–4.78) | 1.23 (0.37–4.04) |
Children | 20 (50.0) | 43 (27.0) | 0.58 (0.24–1.35) | 0.48 (0.16–1.40) |
Women | 0 (0) | 11 (6.9) | – | – |
Men/elderly | 0 (0) | 3 (1.9) | – | – |
Participant used ITN last night | 7 (17.5) | 32 (20.1) | 1.19 (0.48–2.93) | 3.09 (1.01–9.51)* |
Reasons for not using ITN last night | n = 33 (%) | n = 127 (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No mosquito nuisance | 11 (33.3) | 35 (27.6) | Ref. | Ref. |
ITN used by others | 12 (36.4) | 26 (20.5) | 0.68 (0.26–1.78) | 2.87 (0.42–19.8) |
No reason provided | 10 (30.3) | 66 (52.0) | 2.07 (0.80–5.36) | 4.65 (1.09–19.8)* |