Fig. 2

Interwoven loop design with three pools each of deltamethrin- (Delta) and permethrin-selected (Perm) samples from Cové, Benin, and one pool each from fully pyrethroid-susceptible colony samples (NGuosso and Kisumu). The outer loop connections run clockwise, directionality of inner connections is indicated by arrows: 1:2 indicates the dye label applied to the pool at the start and end of the connection, respectively. The R program MAANOVA [34] was used to analyse the interwoven loop data using previously described custom R-scripts [21]. No outlying quality microarrays were detected. Analysis used a threshold for gene discovery, which relied on consistency of a liberal P value threshold (P < 0.05), coupled with consistency in over-expression and a fold-change threshold of >2 across all deltamethrin and permethrin pools vs both susceptible pools