Table 3 Odds ratios derived from multilevel logistic models providing associations between education and wealth on efforts to prevent and treat malaria, Madagascar Malaria Indicator Survey 2011, 2013
Fixed effects | IPTp used during pregnancy | Child slept under a treated net previous night | Child taken for treatment during last fever | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
Education | ||||||
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Primary | 1.62 | 1.17, 2.23 | 0.95 | 0.52, 1.72 | 0.74 | 0.33, 1.64 |
Secondary and higher | 2.58 | 1.61, 4.12 | 0.87 | 0.41, 1.83 | 1.81 | 0.63, 5.18 |
Wealth | ||||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Poorer | 1.62 | 1.13, 2.33 | 1.05 | 0.52, 2.12 | 1.90 | 0.72, 4.96 |
Middle | 2.97 | 1.79, 4.91 | 1.03 | 0.47, 2.27 | 1.02 | 0.36, 2.93 |
Richer | 3.14 | 1.82, 5.42 | 0.71 | 0.30, 1.70 | 1.72 | 0.56, 5.26 |
Richest | 3.62 | 1.90, 6.91 | 0.33 | 0.12, 0.95 | 6.43 | 1.53, 27.09 |
Random effects | ||||||
SD (district) | 1.33 | 0.61, 2.89 | 24.09 | 15.65, 37.10 | 0.67 | 0.16, 2.79 |
SD (cluster) | 1.01 | 0.49, 2.08 | 10.42 | 7.59, 14.31 | 1.24 | 0.26, 5.91 |
SD (household) | 4.10 | 1.41, 11.9 | 23.32 | 18.48, 29.44 | 10.25 | 5.06, 20.78 |
Pseudo-R2 | 0.080 | 0.400 | 0.045 | |||
N | 4,682 | 7,850 | 1,055 | |||