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Table 3 Comparison of estimates of parasite prevalence by microscopy and RDTs with PCR stratified by age and year

From: Estimating malaria parasite prevalence from community surveys in Uganda: a comparison of microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and polymerase chain reaction

Study site

Covariate

N

PCR

Microscopy

RDT

PPa

PPa

PRb (95 % CI)

p-value

PPa

PRb (95 % CI)

p-value

Walukuba

Age categories

<5 years

284

9.9 %

6.3 %

0.64 (0.46–0.89)

0.01

22.9 %

2.32 (1.71–3.16)

<0.001

5–15 years

364

30.5 %

18.1 %

0.59 (0.50–0.70)

<0.001

30.5 %

1.00 (0.88–1.13)

1.0

>15 years

516

18.0 %

7.8 %

0.43 (0.33–0.55)

<0.001

25.4 %

1.41 (1.19–1.66)

<0.001

Year

2012

629

20.5 %

11.4 %

0.56 (0.47–0.66)

<0.001

19.7 %

0.96 (0.86–1.08)

0.58

2013

535

19.3 %

9.7 %

0.50 (0.41–0.62)

<0.001

34.2 %

1.78 (1.51–2.09)

<0.001

Kihihi

Age categories

<5 years

345

18.0 %

8.4 %

0.47 (0.35–0.62)

<0.001

34.5 %

1.92 (1.60–2.31)

<0.001

5–15 years

558

34.2 %

17.9 %

0.52 (0.45–0.60)

<0.001

41.6 %

1.21 (1.11–1.33)

<0.001

>15 years

642

15.9 %

4.7 %

0.29 (0.21–0.41)

<0.001

21.5 %

1.35 (1.15–1.60)

<0.001

Year

2012

787

22.7 %

11.7 %

0.51 (0.44–0.60)

<0.001

22.6 %

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

1.0

2013

758

23.2 %

8.8 %

0.38 (0.31–0.46)

<0.001

41.0 %

1.77 (1.58–1.98)

<0.001

Nagongera

Age categories

<5 years

353

63.2 %

46.4 %

0.74 (0.68–0.80)

<0.001

75.1 %

1.19 (1.11–1.27)

<0.001

5–15 years

752

80.2 %

58.1 %

0.72 (0.69–0.76)

<0.001

77.3 %

0.96 (0.93–1.00)

0.07

>15 years

619

45.7 %

21.2 %

0.46 (0.41–0.53)

<0.001

35.2 %

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

<0.001

Year

2012

804

60.3 %

43.7 %

0.72 (0.68–0.77)

<0.001

55.2 %

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.001

2013

920

67.8 %

41.4 %

0.61 (0.57–0.65)

<0.001

67.4 %

0.99 (0.95–1.04)

0.82

  1. aParasite prevalence
  2. bPrevalence ratio using PCR as the reference group