Fig. 4

Mitochondrial localization of GFP-tagged PfMDM2 within live Plasmodium falciparum parasites, directed by the protein’s N-terminus. a Live imaging of the PfMDM2-GFP transgenic P. falciparum parasites under normal conditions. A distinct dot-like GFP signal was observed for PfMDM2, adjacent to the blue DAPI-stained nucleus, increasing in number with the progression of the life cycle. The truncated PfMDM2 protein lacking the N-terminus showed cytoplasmic distribution of the GFP signal. b Live co-localization of GFP-tagged PfMDM2 protein to the mitochondria of late schizont stage P. falciparum parasites under normal conditions and 30 min and 24 h after the termination of heat stress (41 °C for 2 h). R ring stage, T trophozoite stage, S schizont stage. Scale bar in bright field represents 2.5 μm